Ivalvu yesango: Ivalvu yesango yivalvu esebenzisa isango (ipuleti yesango) ukukhamba ngokujameleko nge-eksisi yendlela. Isetjenziswa khulu emaphayiphini wokuhlukanisa umphakathi, okutjho bona, uvuleke ngokupheleleko nofana uvalwe ngokupheleleko. Ngokuvamileko, amavalvu wesango awafaneleki ukulawulwa kokugeleza. Zingasetjenziselwa kokubili amazinga womtjhiso aphasi kanye namazinga aphezulu womtjhiso kanye nokugandeleleka, kuya ngezinto zevalvu.
Kodwana, amavalvu wesango awasetjenziswa emaphayiphini athutha i-slurry nofana imidiya efanako.
Iinzuzo:
Ukujamelana okuphasi kwamanzi.
Kutlhoga i-torque encani ukuvula nokuvala.
Ingasetjenziswa eenhlelweni zokugeleza okunamahlangothi amabili, okuvumela bona umkhathi ugeleze emahlangothini womabili.
Lokha nayivulekile ngokupheleleko, indawo yokuvala ayivami ukuguguleka kwendawo yokusebenza nayiqathaniswa namavalvu we-globe.
Isakhiwo esilula esinendlela ehle yokukhiqiza.
Ubude besakhiwo esincani.
Ububi:
Ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nendawo yokufaka iyatlhogeka.
Ukutjhayisana okukhulu nokuguga hlangana neendawo zokuvala ngesikhathi sokuvula nokuvala, khulukhulu emazingeni womtjhiso aphezulu.
Amavalvu wesango avamise ukuba neendawo ezimbili zokuvala, okungakhuphula ubudisi bokucubungula, ukusila, nokugcina.
Isikhathi eside sokuvula nokuvala.
I-Valve ye-Butterfly: Ivalvu ye-butterfly yivalvu esebenzisa into yokuvala enjengediski ukujikeleza ngamadigri angaba ma-90 ukuvula, ukuvala, nokulawula ukugeleza kwe-fluid.
Iinzuzo:
Isakhiwo esilula, ubukhulu obuncani, ukulula, nokusetjenziswa kwezinto ezincani, okwenza bona ilungele amavalvu amakhulu.
Ukuvulwa nokuvala okurhabako ngokujamelana nokugeleza okuncani.
Ingaphatha imidiya eneenhlayiya eziqinileko ezilengisiweko begodu ingasetjenziselwa imidiya enepuyere neye-granular ngokuya ngamandla wendawo yokuvala.
Ilungele ukuvulwa, ukuvala, nokulawulwa kwamapayipi wokungenisa umoya nokususa ithuli. Isetjenziswa khulu ekwenzeni iinsimbi, embonini elula, amandla, kanye neenhlelo ze-petrochemical zamapayipi wegesi neendlela zamanzi.
Ububi:
Ibanga elilinganiselweko lokulawula ukugeleza; lokha ivalvu nayivulekile ngama-30%, izinga lokugeleza lizakudlula ama-95%.
Akukafaneli ukusetjenziswa kwamapayipi anamazinga womtjhiso aphezulu kanye nomfutho omkhulu ngebanga lokulinganiselwa kwesakhiwo kanye nezinto zokuvala. Ngokuvamileko, isebenza emazingeni womtjhiso angaphasi kwama-300°C kanye ne-PN40 nofana ngaphasi.
Ukusebenza kokuvala okumbi khulu nakuqathaniswa namavalvu webholo namavalvu we-globe, ngalokho-ke akukafaneli ukusetjenziswa okuneemfuneko eziphezulu zokuvala.
Ivalvu yebholo: Ivalvu yebholo ithathwa kuvalvu yeplagi, begodu into yayo yokuvala yi-sphere ejikeleza amadigri ama-90 ezungeze i-eksisi ye-ivalvuisiqu ukufikelela ukuvuleka nokuvala. Ivalvu yebholo isetjenziswa khulu emaphayiphini ukuvala, ukusabalalisa, nokutjhugulula indlela yokugeleza. Amavalvu webhola aneenkhala ezimise okwe-V nawo anamandla amahle wokulawula ukugeleza.
Iinzuzo:
Ukujamelana nokugeleza okuncani (pheze kube li-zero).
Ukusetjenziswa okuthembekileko eenkundleni ezibolako kanye namanzi anezinga eliphasi lokubila ngombana ayinamatheli ngesikhathi sokusebenza (ngaphandle kokuthambisa).
Ifinyelela ukuvala okupheleleko ngaphakathi kwezinga elibanzi lokugandeleleka kanye namazinga womtjhiso.
Ukuvulwa nokuvala okurhabako, ngezakhiwo ezithileko ezinesikhathi sokuvula/sokuvala esifitjhani njengemizuzwana eyi-0.05 ukuya ku-0.1, elungele amahlelo wokuzenzakalela emabhentjhini wokuhlola ngaphandle kokuthinteka ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukubeka ngokuzenzakalelako eendaweni ezisemngceleni nge-elementi yokuvala ibholo.
Ukuvala okuthembekileko emahlangothini womabili wendawo yokusebenza.
Akukho ukuguguleka kweendawo zokuvala ezivela emithonjeni enebelo elikhulu lokha nayivulekile nanyana ivaliwe.
Isakhiwo esincani nesilula, okwenza bona sibe sisakhiwo sevalvu esifanele khulu eenhlelweni zemidiya ezinezinga lokutjhisa eliphasi.
Umzimba wevalvu olinganako, khulukhulu ezakhiweni zomzimba wevalvu ohlanganisiweko, ungajamelana nokugandeleleka okuvela emaphayiphini.
I-elementi yokuvala ingakghona ukujamelana nomehluko omkhulu wokugandeleleka ngesikhathi sokuvala. Amavalvu webholo ahlanganiswe ngokupheleleko angangcwatshwa ngaphasi kwehlabathi, ukuqinisekisa bona iingcenye zangaphakathi aziguguleki, zibe nesikhathi esiphezulu seminyaka ema-30, okwenza bona zilungele amapayipi we-oli negesi.
Ububi:
Into ekulu yokuvala indandatho ye-ball valve yi-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), engasebenzi pheze kiwo woke amakhemikhali begodu ineemfanelo ezifana ne-friction coefficient ephasi, ukusebenza okuzinzileko, ukujamelana nokuguga, ukufaneleka kwamazinga womtjhiso amanengi, nokusebenza okuhle khulu kokuvala.
Kodwana, ubujamo be-PTFE, okufaka hlangana i-coefficient yayo ephezulu yokunwebeka, ukuzwela ukugeleza okubandako, nokudlulisa ukutjhisa okumbi, kutlhoga bona ukuklanywa kwezivalo zezihlalo kusekelwe kilezimpawu. Ngalokho-ke, lokha into yokuvala nayiba budisi, ukuthembeka kokuvala kuyaphazamiseka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PTFE inezinga lokujamelana nokutjhisa eliphasi begodu ingasetjenziswa kwaphela ngaphasi kwe-180°C. Ngale kwamazinga womtjhiso, into yokuvala izokuguga. Nakuqalwa ukusetjenziswa kwesikhathi eside, ngokuvamileko ayisetjenziswa ngaphezu kwe-120°C.
Ukusebenza kwayo kokulawula kuphasi khulu kunaleyo ye-globe valve, khulukhulu ama-valve we-pneumatic (nofana ama-valve wegezi).
I-Valve ye-Globe: Itjho i-valve lapho into yokuvala (idiski ye-valve) ikhamba emgqeni ophakathi wesihlalo. Ukutjhuguluka komgodi wesihlalo kulingana ngqo nokukhamba kwediski yevalvu. Ngebanga lokukhamba okufitjhani kokuvula nokuvala kwalolu hlobo lwevalvu kanye nomsebenzi wayo wokuvala othembekileko, kanye nobudlelwano obulinganako hlangana nokutjhuguluka komgodi wesihlalo nokukhamba kwediski yevalvu, ilungele khulu ukulawulwa kokugeleza. Ngalokho-ke, umhlobo lo wevalvu uvame ukusetjenziselwa ukuvala, ukulawula, kanye nokugandelela.
Iinzuzo:
Ngesikhathi sokuvula nokuvala, amandla wokutjhayisana hlangana ne-disc ye-valve nendawo yokuvala yomzimba we-valve mancani kunalawo we-valve yesango, okwenza bona ingagugi.
Ukuphakama kokuvula kuvamise ukuba yi-1/4 yomzila wesihlalo, okwenza bona kube mncani khulu kunevalvu yesango.
Ngokuvamileko, kunendawo eyodwa yokuvala emzimbeni wevalvu kanye nediski yevalvu, okwenza kube lula ukuyenza nokuyilungisa.
Inezinga eliphezulu lokujamelana nokutjhisa ngombana ukupakisha kuvamise ukuba mhlanganisela we-asbestos ne-graphite. Amavalvu we-globe avamise ukusetjenziselwa amavalvu womtjhiso.
Ububi:
Ngebanga lokutjhuguluka kwendlela yokugeleza kwe-medium nge-valve, ukujamelana okuncani kokugeleza kwe-globe valve kuphezulu kunaleyo yeminye imihlobo yama-valve.
Ngebanga lokushaya isikhathi eside, ijubane lokuvula lihamba kancani nayiqathaniswa nevalvu yebholo.
Ivalvu yePlagi: Itjho ivalvu ejikelezako ene-elementi yokuvala ngendlela yesilinda nofana ipulagi yekhoni. Ipulagi yevalvu kuvalvu yepulagi ijikelezwa ngamadigri ama-90 ukuxhuma nofana ukuhlukanisa indlela emzimbeni wevalvu, ukufikelela ukuvulwa nofana ukuvalwa kwevalvu. Ubujamo bepulagi yevalvu bungaba buyisilinda nofana bube yikhoni. Umthetho wayo ufana newevalvu yebholo, eyakhiwa ngokusekelwe kuvalvu yeplagi begodu isetjenziswa khulu ekusebenziseni amafutha kanye namabubulo we-petrochemical.
I-Safety Valve: Isebenza njengethuluzi lokuvikela ukugandeleleka okukhulu emikhunjini, imitjhini, nofana amapayipi anegandeleleko. Lokha umfutho ngaphakathi kwemitjhini, umkhumbi, nofana iphayiphi nawudlula inani elivunyelweko, ivalvu iyavuleka ngokuzenzakalelako ukukhupha umthamo opheleleko, ukukhandela ukwanda okungeziweko komfutho. Lokha umfutho wehlela enanini elitjhiwoko, ivalvu kufanele ivale msinyana ukuvikela ukusebenza okuphephileko kwemitjhini, umkhumbi, nofana ipayipi.
Isithiyo se-Steam: Ekuthuthweni kwe-steam, umoya ogandelelweko, nezinye iindaba, kwakhiwa amanzi ahlanganisiweko. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kuhle nokuphephileko kwedivayisi, kuyatlhogeka bona kukhutjhwe ngesikhathi imithombo engasizi ngalitho neyingozi ukugcina ukusetjenziswa nokusetjenziswa kwedivayisi. Inemisebenzi elandelako: (1) Ingakhupha msinyana amanzi akhiqizako. (2) Ivimbela ukuvuza komtjhiso. (3) Isusa.
Ivalvu Yokwehlisa Umfutho: Yivalvu eyehlisa umfutho wokungena ube mfutho wokuphuma ofunekako ngokulungiswa begodu ithembele emandleni we-medium ngokwayo ukugcina umfutho wokuphuma ozinzileko ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Hlola ivalvu: Eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-valve engabuyi emuva, isivimbeli sokugeleza emuva, i-valve yokugandeleleka emuva, nofana i-valve yendlela eyodwa. Amavalvu la avuleka begodu avale ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamandla akhiqizwa kugeleza kwe-medium ephayiphini, okwenza bona abe mhlobo wevalvu ezizenzakalelayo. Amavalvu wokuhlola asetjenziswa eenhlelweni zamapayipi begodu imisebenzi yawo ekulu kukukhandela ukugeleza okuphakathi, ukukhandela ukubuyela emuva kwamapompo kanye nama-motor atjhayelako, nokukhupha imidiya yeenkhonteyina. Amavalvu wokuhlola angasetjenziswa godu emaphayiphini aphakela amasistimu asizako lapho umfutho ungakhuphuka ngaphezu komfutho wesistimu. Zingahlukaniswa zibe ziinhlobo ezijikajikako (zijikelezako ngokuya ngesikhungo se-gravity) kanye nomhlobo wokuphakama (zikhamba nge-eksisi).
Isikhathi sokuposa: Jun-03-2023
