Ukugqwala kungenye yezinto eziqakatheke khulu ezibangaivalvuumonakalo. Ngalokho-ke,ivalvuukuvikelwa, ukulwisana nokugqwala kwevalvu yindaba eqakathekileko okufuze icatjangelwe.
Ivalvuifomu lokugqwala
Ukugqwala kweensimbi kubangelwa khulu kugqwala kwamakhemikhali nokugqwala kwama-elekthrokhemikhali, begodu ukugqwala kwezinto ezingezizo zensimbi kuvamise ukubangelwa zizenzo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba eziqondileko.
1. Ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali
Ngaphasi kobujamo bokuthi kungakhiqizwa umtjhini, umkhakha ozungezileko uyasabela ngqo nensimbi begodu uyayibhubhisa, njengokugqwala kwensimbi ngegesi eyomileko ephezulu kanye nesisombululo esingekho nge-electrolytic.
2. Ukugqwala kwe-galvanic
Insimbi ithintana ne-electrolyte, okwenza bona kube nokugeleza kwama-elektroni, okwenza bona ilimale ngesenzo se-electrochemical, okuyindlela ekulu yokugqwala.
Ukugqwala kwesisombululo se-asidi-base, ukugqwala kommoya, ukugqwala kwehlabathi, ukugqwala kwamanzi welwandle, ukugqwala kwama-microbial, ukugqwala kwemigodi kanye nokugqwala kwe-crevice yensimbi engagqwali, njll., koke kugqwala kwe-electrochemical. Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical akuveli kwaphela hlangana nezinto ezimbili ezingadlala indima yamakhemikhali, kodwana kukhiqiza umehluko ongaba khona ngebanga lomehluko wokugxila kwesisombululo, umehluko wokugxila kwe-oksijini ezungezeko, umehluko omncani esakhiweni sento, njll., begodu kuthola amandla wokugqwala, ukwenzela bona insimbi enekhono eliphasi kanye nendawo ye-dry yepuleti ilahlekelwa.
Izinga lokugqwala kwevalvu
Izinga lokugqwala lingahlukaniswa laba ziingaba ezisithandathu:
(1) Ukujamelana nokugqwala ngokupheleleko: izinga lokugqwala lingaphasi kwe-0.001 mm/ngonyaka
(2) Ukujamelana nokugqwala okukhulu: izinga lokugqwala elingu-0.001 ukuya ku-0.01 mm/ngomnyaka
(3) Ukujamelana nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala 0.01 ukuya ku-0.1 mm/ngonyaka
(4) Ukujamelana nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala 0.1 ukuya ku-1.0 mm/ngonyaka
(5) Ukujamelana nokugqwala okumbi: izinga lokugqwala elingu-1.0 ukuya ku-10 mm/ngonyaka
(6) Akujamelani nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala lingaphezu kwe-10 mm/ngonyaka
Iindlela ezilithoba zokulwa nokugqwala
1. Khetha izinto ezijamelana nokugqwala ngokuya ngendawo yokugqwala
Ekukhiqizeni kwamambala, ukugqwala kwesikhatjhana kubudisi khulu, ngitjho nanyana into yevalvu esetjenziswe emkhathini ofanako iyafana, ukugxila, amazinga womtjhiso kanye nokugandeleleka kwesikhatjhana kuhlukile, begodu ukugqwala kwesikhatjhana ukuya emkhathini akufani. Ngalinye i-10°C lokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa eliphakathi, izinga lokugqwala likhuphuka ngezikhathi ezingu-1~3.
Ukugxila okuphakathi kunethonya elikhulu ekugqwaleni kwezinto zevalvu, njengokuthi umthofu use-esidi ye-sulphuric nge-concentration encani, ukugqwala kuncani khulu, begodu lokha ukugxila nakudlula ama-96%, ukugqwala kukhuphuka khulu. Insimbi yekhabhoni, ngokuphambene nalokho, inokugqwala okukhulu lokha izinga le-sulfuric acid lingaba ma-50%, begodu lokha izinga nalikhuphukela ngaphezu kwama-60%, ukugqwala kwehla khulu. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-aluminiyamu iyabola khulu nge-nitric acid ehlanganisiweko enezinga elingaphezu kwama-80%, kodwana iyabola khulu e-nitric acid ephakathi nendawo nephasi, begodu insimbi engagqwali imelana khulu ne-nitric acid ehlanjululweko, kodwana iyaqina khulu nge-nitric acid ehlanganisiweko engaphezu kwama-95%.
Ukusuka ezibonelweni ezingenhla, kungabonakala bona ukukhetha okufaneleko kwezinto zamavalvu kufanele kusekelwe ebujameni obuthileko, kuhlaziywe izinto ezihlukahlukeneko ezithinta ukugqwala, begodu kukhethwe izinto ngokuya ngeencwadi ezifaneleko zokulwisana nokugqwala.
2. Sebenzisa izinto ezingezizo zensimbi
Ukujamelana nokugqwala okungekho yinsimbi kuhle khulu, inqobo nje nangabe izinga lokutjhisa nokugandeleleka kwevalvu kuhlangabezana neemfuneko zezinto ezingekho yinsimbi, angeze kwararulula umraro wokugqwala kwaphela, kodwana kusindise neensimbi ezihle khulu. Umzimba wevalvu, ibhonethi, ilayini, indawo yokuvala nezinye izinto ezisetjenziswa khulu ezingezizo zensimbi zenziwa.
Amapulasitiki afana ne-PTFE kanye ne-chlorinated polyether, kanye nerabha yemvelo, i-neoprene, irabha ye-nitrile nezinye irabha zisetjenziselwa ukufakwa kwevalvu, begodu umzimba omkhulu webhonethi yomzimba wevalvu wenziwe ngensimbi ephosiweko ne-carbon steel. Akuqinisekisi amandla we-valve kwaphela, kodwana kuqinisekisa nokuthi i-valve ayigugi.
Amalanga la, amaplastiki amanengi afana ne-nylon ne-PTFE asetjenziswa, begodu irabha yemvelo nerabha yokwenziwa isetjenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezihlukahlukeneko zokuvala kanye namaringi wokuvala, asetjenziselwa amavalvu ahlukahlukeneko. Iinsetjenziswa ezingezizo zensimbi ezisetjenziswa njengeendawo zokuvala azigcini ngokujamelana nokugqwala, kodwana zinokusebenza okuhle kokuvala, okufanele khulu ukusetjenziswa emithonjeni eneenhlayiya. Kuliqiniso, azinamandla kangako begodu zijamelana nokutjhisa, begodu ububanzi bokusetjenziswa bulinganiselwe.
3. Ukuphathwa kwendawo yensimbi
(1) Ukuhlanganiswa kwevalvu: Umnenke wokuhlanganiswa kwevalvu uvamise ukuphathwa ngokufaka i-galvanizing, ukufakwa kwe-chrome, kanye nokukhiqiza i-oksijini (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ukwenza ngcono ikghono lokujamelana nokugqwala okuphakathi nendawo. Ngaphezu kweendlela ezivezwe ngehla, ezinye iinthako nazo ziphathwa ngokuphathwa kwephasi okufana nokufaka i-phosphating ngokuya ngobujamo.
(2) Ukuvala indawo kanye neengcenye ezivaliweko ezinobubanzi obuncani: iinkambo zephasi ezifana no-nitriding kanye ne-boronizing zisetjenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ukujamelana nokugqwala nokujamelana nokuguga.
(3) Ukulwisana nokugqwala kwesiqu: ukufaka i-nitride, ukufaka i-boron, ukufaka i-chrome, ukufaka i-nickel kanye nezinye iindlela zokuhlanza indawo zisetjenziswa khulu ukwenza ngcono ukujamelana nokugqwala, ukujamelana nokugqwala nokujamelana nokugqwala.
Ukuphathwa okuhlukileko kwephasi kufanele kube kuhle eentweni ezihlukahlukeneko zesiqu kanye neendawo zokusebenza, emoyeni, umtjhiso wamanzi kanye ne-asbestos ukupakisha isiqu sokuthintana, kungasebenzisa i-chrome plating eqinileko, ikambiso ye-gas nitriding (insimbi engagqwali akukafaneli isebenzise ikambiso ye-ion nitriding): endaweni ye-hydrogen sulfide ukusebenzisa i-electroplating i-phosphorus ephezulu i-nick coating isebenza ngcono; I-38CrMOAIA nayo ingamelana nokugqwala nge-ion ne-gas nitriding, kodwana ukugcotshwa kwe-chrome okuqinileko akukafaneli ukusetjenziswa; I-2Cr13 ingajamelana nokugqwala kwe-ammonia ngemva kokucima nokufuthumala, begodu insimbi yekhabhoni esebenzisa i-gas nitriding nayo ingajamelana nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, ngesikhathi woke amalayini we-phosphorus-nickel plating angajamelani nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, begodu i-gesi nitriding 38CrMOAIA inokujamelana nokugqwala okuhle khulu, begodu isetjenziselwa khulu ukwenza amavalvu we-stem.
(4) Umzimba wevalvu we-caliber encani kanye nesondo lesandla: Godu kanengi ifakwe i-chrome ukwenza ngcono ukujamelana nokugqwala nokuhlobisa ivalvu.
4. Ukufafaza ngokutjhisa
Ukufafaza ngokutjhisa mhlobo wendlela yokulungiselela ama-coating, begodu sekuyinye yethekhnoloji etja yokuvikela indawo. Yindlela yokuqinisa indawo esebenzisa imithombo yokutjhisa enamandla aphezulu (ilangabi lokuvutha kwegesi, i-arc kagesi, i-arc ye-plasma, ukufuthumala kwegezi, ukuqhuma kwegesi, njll.) ukufuthumala nokuncibilikisa izinto zensimbi nofana ezingezizo zensimbi, bese uzifafaza ebusweni obusisekelo obuphathwe ngaphambilini ngendlela yokufafaza ukwakha ukufafaza, nofana ukufuthumala ebusweni, ukwenzela bona kuphinde kube nokugcotshwa ebusweni be-substrate ukwakha ikambiso yokuqinisa indawo ye-spray welding layer.
Inengi leensimbi nama-alloy wazo, i-metal oxide ceramics, i-cermet composites kanye namakhompawundi wensimbi aqinileko angafakwa phezu kwensimbi nofana iinsimbi ezingezizo zensimbi ngendlela eyodwa nofana ezinengi zokufafaza ngokutjhisa, okungathuthukisa ukujamelana nokugqwala kwephasi, ukujamelana nokuguga, ukujamelana nokutjhisa okuphezulu nezinye izakhiwo, begodu kwandise ipilo yokusebenza. Ukufafaza ngokutjhisa ukugqoka okukhethekileko okusebenzako, ngokuvikela ukutjhisa, ukuvikela (nofana igezi engakajayeleki), ukuvala okugayako, ukuzithambisa, imisebe yokutjhisa, ukuvikela nge-elekthronikhi nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekileko, ukusetjenziswa kokufafaza ngokutjhisa kungalungisa iingcenye.
5. Fafaza ipende
Ukugcoba yindlela esetjenziswa khulu yokulwa nokugqwala, begodu yinto eqakathekileko yokulwisana nokugqwala kanye nephawu lokuhlonza emikhiqizweni yamavalvu. Ukugcoba godu yinto engasi yensimbi, evamise ukwenziwa nge-resin yokwenziwa, iraba, amafutha wemifino, i-solvent, njll., evala ubuso bensimbi, ehlukanisa phakathi nomkhathi, begodu ifinyelela umnqopho wokulwisana nokugqwala.
Ama-coating asetjenziswa khulu emanzini, emanzini anetswayi, emanzini welwandle, emoyeni nezinye iindawo ezingaguli khulu. Umgodi wangaphakathi wevalvu uvamise ukupendwa ngepende elwisana nokugqwala ukukhandela amanzi, umoya nezinye iindaba bona zingabola ivalvu
6. Faka iinvimbeli zokugqwala
Indlela iinqabo ezivimbela ukugqwala ezilawula ngayo ukugqwala kukobana zikhuthaza ukutjhuguluka kwebhetri. Iinqabo zokugqwala zisetjenziswa khulu eenkundleni zokuthintana nezinto ezigcwalisako. Ukungezelelwa kwezinto ezivimbela ukugqwala emkhathini kungehlisa ukugqwala kwemitjhini namavalvu, njenge-chromium-nickel stainless steel ku-sulfuric acid engana-oksijini, ibanga elikhulu lokuncibilika ukuya esigabeni sokutjhiswa, ukugqwala kumbi khulu, kodwana ukungezelela inani elincani le-copper sulfate nofana i-nitric acid nezinye izinto, kungenza insimbi ibe yi-blunt ubujamo, ubuso befilimu yokuvikela ukukhandela ukuguguleka kwendawo, nge-hydrochloric acid, nangabe kufakwa inani elincani le-oxidant, ukugqwala kwe-titanium kungehliswa.
Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yevalvu kuvamise ukusetjenziswa njengendlela yokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, okulula ukubangela ukugqwala kweivalvu, begodu ukufaka inani elincani le-sodium nitrite emanzini kungakhandela ukugqwala kwevalvu ngamanzi. Ukupakisha kwe-asbestos kuqukethe i-chloride, ebola isiqu se-valve khulu, begodu okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kungehliswa nangabe indlela yokuhlanza ngamanzi atjhisako iyamukelwa, kodwana indlela le ibudisi khulu ukuyisebenzisa, begodu angeze yathandwa khulu, begodu ilungele iintlhogo ezikhethekileko kwaphela.
Ukuvikela isiqu sevalvu nokukhandela ukugqwala kwepaki ye-asbestos, ephaketheni le-asbestos, isivimbeli sokugqwala kanye nensimbi yomhlatjelo zigcotshwa esiqu sevalvu, isivimbeli sokugqwala sakhiwe yi-sodium nitrite ne-sodium chromate, okungakhiqiza ifilimu yokungasebenzi ebusweni besiqu sevalvu begodu kwenza ngcono ukugqwala kwesiqu sevalvu, nokwenza i-solvent can isivimbeli sokugqwala sincibilika kancanikancani begodu sidlale indima yokuthambisa; Kuhlekuhle, i-zinc nayo iyisivimbeli sokugqwala, esingahlangana kokuthoma ne-chloride ku-asbestos, ukwenzela bona ithuba lokuthintana kwe-chloride ne-stem metal yehliswe khulu, ukwenzela bona kuzuzwe umnqopho wokulwisana nokugqwala.
7. Ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali kagesi
Kunemihlobo emibili yokuvikelwa kwe-elekthrokhemikhali: ukuvikelwa kwe-anodic nokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic. Nangabe i-zinc isetjenziselwa ukuvikela i-ayini, i-zinc iyabola, i-zinc ibizwa ngokuthi yi-sacrificial metal, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza, ukuvikelwa kwe-anode kusetjenziselwa kancani, ukuvikelwa kwe-cathodic kusetjenziswa khulu. Indlela yokuvikela i-cathodic isetjenziselwa amavalvu amakhulu namavalvu aqakathekileko, okuyindlela yokonga, elula nephumelelako, begodu i-zinc ifakwa epakishini ye-asbestos ukuvikela isiqu sevalvu.
8. Lawula indawo ebolako
Indawo ebizwa ngokuthi yindawo inemihlobo emibili yomqondo obanzi nomqondo omncani, umqondo obanzi wendawo utjho indawo ezungeze indawo yokufakwa kwevalvu kanye nendawo yayo yokujikeleza yangaphakathi, begodu umqondo omncani wendawo utjho ubujamo obuseduze nendawo yokufaka ivalvu.
Iindawo ezinengi azilawuleki, begodu iinkambo zokukhiqiza angeze zatjhugululwa ngokuzikhethela. Kuphela lokha nakungabi nomonakalo emkhiqizweni nekambiso, indlela yokulawula ibhoduluko ingasetjenziswa, njengokukhipha i-oksijini emanzini we-boiler, ukungezelelwa kwe-alkali enqubweni yokucwengisisa amafutha ukulungisa inani le-PH, njll. Ukusuka kilombono, ukungezelelwa kweenvimbeli zokugqwala nokuvikelwa kwe-elekthrokhemikhali okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla nakho kuyindlela yokulawula ibhoduluko lokugqwala.
Umkhathi uzele ithuli, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nentuthu, khulukhulu endaweni yokukhiqiza, njenge-brine yentuthu, amagesi anobuthi kanye nepuyere encani ekhutjhwa ziinsetjenziswa, okuzokubangela amazinga ahlukileko wokugqwala kwevalvu. Umsebenzisi kufanele ahlale ahlanza begodu ahlanze ivalvu begodu afake amafutha qobe ngokuya kwemibandela yeenkambiso zokusebenza, okuyindlela ephumelelako yokulawula ukugqwala kwebhoduluko. Ukufaka isivalo esivikelako esiqwini sevalvu, ukubeka umthombo wephasi phezu kwevalvu yephasi, nokufafaza ipende phezu kwevalvu zoke iindlela zokukhandela izinto ezibolako bona zingagugiivalvu.
Ukunyuka kwamazinga womtjhiso kanye nokusilaphazeka komoya, khulukhulu imitjhini namavalvu endaweni evaliweko, kuzokurhabisa ukugqwala kwawo, begodu ama-workshop avulekileko nofana iindlela zokungenisa umoya nokupholisa kufanele zisetjenziswe ngendlela ekungakghoneka ngayo ukwehlisa ukugqwala kwebhoduluko.
9. Thuthukisa ithekhnoloji yokucubungula nesakhiwo sevalvu
Ukuvikelwa kokugqwala kweivalvumraro ebegade uqalwe kusukela ekuthomeni komklamo, begodu umkhiqizo wevalvu onesakhiwo esizwakalako nendlela efaneleko yokusebenza ngokungangabazeki uzokuba nomphumela omuhle ekwehliseni ukugqwala kwevalvu. Ngalokho-ke, umnyango wokuklama nokukhiqiza kufanele uthuthukise iingcenye ezingakalungi emklamweni wesakhiwo, ezingakalungi eendleleni zokusebenza begodu ezilula ukubangela ukugqwala, ukwenzela bona zivumelane neemfuneko zeemeko ezihlukahlukeneko zokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuposa: Jan-22-2025
