Ivalvu yesangoyivalvu ejwayelekileko esetjenziselwa ukusetjenziswa okuhlukahlukeneko. Isetjenziswa khulu ekulondolozeni amanzi, ekwenzeni iinsimbi nezinye iimboni. Ububanzi bayo bokusebenza buqakathekiswe yimakethe. Ngaphezu kokufunda ngevalvu yesango, yenza nesifundo esingatjho litho nesicophelelako ngokusetjenziswa nokurarulula imiraroamavalvu wesango.
Okulandelako yingcoco ejwayelekileko ngesakhiwo, ukusetjenziswa, ukurarulula imiraro, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi nezinye izintoamavalvu wesango.
1. Isakhiwo
Isakhiwo seivalvu yesango: iivalvu yesangoyivalvu esebenzisa ipuleti yesango nesihlalo sevalvu ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa.Ivalvu yesangoikakhulukazi iqukethe umzimba wevalvu, isihlalo sevalvu, ipuleti lesango, isiqu sevalvu, ibhonethi, ibhokisi lokugcwalisa, indlala yokupakisha, inani lesiqu, isondo lezandla njalonjalo. Ngokuya ngokutjhuguluka kobujamo obuhlobeneko hlangana nesango nesihlalo sevalvu, ubukhulu besiteshi bungatjhugululwa begodu isiteshi singaqunywa. Ukuze wenze iivalvu yesangovala ngokuqinileko, indawo yokuhlanganisa yepuleti lesango nesihlalo sevalvu sigayiwe.
Ngokuya ngamajamo ahlukileko wesakhiwo seamavalvu wesango, amavalvu wesango angahlukaniswa abe mhlobo we-wedge kanye nomhlobo ohambisanako.
Isango le-wedgeivalvu yesangoimise okwe-wedge, begodu indawo yokuvala yakha i-engeli etjhingelako nomugqa ophakathi wesiteshi, begodu i-wedge hlangana nesango nesihlalo sevalvu isetjenziselwa ukufezekisa ukuvala (ukuvala). Ipuleti le-wedge lingaba yi-ram eyodwa nofana inqama ephindwe kabili.
Iindawo zokuvala zevalvu yesango elikhambelanako zikhambelana begodu ziqondile emgqeni ophakathi wesiteshi, begodu kunemihlobo emibili: enendlela yokunweba kanye nenganayo indlela yokunweba. Kunamaqama amabili anendlela yokurhatjha. Lokha amaqama nawehlako, ama-wedges wama-ram amabili ahambisanako azokusakaza ama-ram amabili esihlalweni sevalvu ngokujamelana nendawo etjhingako ukuvimba umzila wokugeleza. Lokha iinqama naziphakama begodu zivuleka, ama-wedge namasango azokuhlukaniswa indawo efanako yepuleti, ipuleti yesango ikhuphuka ibe phezulu okuthileko, begodu i-wedge isekelwe mphathi epuletini lesango. Isango eliphindwe kabili ngaphandle kwendlela yokunweba, lokha isango nalitjhelela esihlalweni sevalvu eendaweni ezimbili ezifanako, umfutho we-fluid usetjenziselwa ukugandelela isango emzimbeni we-valve ngehlangothini lokuphuma le-valve ukuvala i-fluid.
Ngokuya ngokunyakaza kwesiqu sevalvu lokha isango nalivulwa begodu livalwa, ivalvu yesango ihlukaniswe yaba mihlobo emibili: ivalvu yesango lesiqu esikhuphukako kanye nevalvu yesango lesiqu esifihlekileko. Isiqu sevalvu kanye nepuleti yesango levalvu yesango lesiqu esikhuphukako zikhuphuka begodu ziwe ngesikhathi sinye lokha nayivulwa nofana nayivalwa; lokha ivalvu yesango lesiqu esifihliweko nayivulwa nofana ivalwa, isiqu sevalvu sijikeleza kwaphela, begodu ukuphakama kwesiqu sevalvu akubonakali, begodu ipuleti yevalvu ikhuphuka nofana yehle. Inzuzo ye-rising stem gate valve kukuthi ukuphakama kokuvula komsele kungahlolwa ngokuphakama kwe-valve stem, kodwana ukuphakama okuthathiweko kungafinyezwa. Nawuqale isondo lezandla nofana isibambo, jika isondo lezandla nofana isibambo ngendlela yewashi ukuvala ivalvu.
2. Iinkhathi nemigomo yokukhetha amavalvu wesango
01. Isicabaivalvu yesango
Isikhathi sokusetjenziswa kwe-slab gate valve:
(1) Emapayipini we-oli negesi yemvelo, ivalvu yesango eliphaphathekileko eneembobo zokuphambukisa nayo kulula ukuhlanza iphayiphi.
(2) Amapayipi nemitjhini yokugcina amafutha ahlanjululweko.
(3) Ukusetjenziswa kwamadivayisi wetheku lamafutha nerhasi yemvelo.
(4) Amapayipi anemidiya yeenhlayiya ezilengisiweko.
(5) Iphayiphi yokudlulisa igesi yedorobha.
(6) Imisebenzi yamanzi.
Umthetho wokukhetha isilebhuivalvu yesango:
(1) Emaphayiphini we-oli negesi yemvelo, sebenzisa isilebhu esisodwa nofana esiphindwe kabiliamavalvu wesango. Nangabe kuyatlhogeka bona uhlanze iphayiphi, sebenzisa isango elilodwa elinembobo yokuphambukisa evulekileko.
(2) Ngepayipi lokuthutha kanye nemitjhini yokugcina amafutha ahlanjululweko, kukhethwa ivalvu yesango eliphakemeko eline-ram eyodwa nofana i-ram emibili ngaphandle kwemigodi yokuphambukisa.
(3) Ukufakwa kwetheku lokukhipha amafutha nerhasi yemvelo, kukhethwa amavalvu wesango elilodwa nofana amasango amabili anezihlalo ezithambileko ezifihlekileko nemigodi yokuphambukisa.
(4) Emaphayiphini anemidiya yeenhlayiya ezilengisiweko, amavalvu wesango le-slab amise okommese akhethwa.
(5) Emaphayiphini wokudlulisa igesi emadorobheni, sebenzisa amavalvu wesango elilodwa nofana amabili avaliweko.
(6) Emaphrojekthini wamanzi wempompi, kukhethwa amavalvu wesango elilodwa nofana wesango eliphindwe kabili anezigodo ezivulekileko ngaphandle kwemigodi yokuphambukisa.
02. Ivalvu yesango le-wedge
Iinkhathi ezisebenzako ze-wedge gate valve: Hlangana nemihlobo ehlukileko yama-valve, i-gate valve ngiyo esetjenziswa khulu. Ngokuvamileko ilungele ukuvulwa okuzeleko nofana ukuvalwa okuzeleko kwaphela, begodu angeze yasetjenziselwa ukulawula nokugandelela.
Amavalvu we-wedge gate avamise ukusetjenziswa eendaweni lapho kungabi neemfuneko eziqinileko malungana nobukhulu bangaphandle bevalvu, begodu ubujamo bokusebenza bunzima khulu. Ukwenza isibonelo, indawo yokusebenza yamazinga womtjhiso aphezulu nokugandeleleka okukhulu ifuna iingcenye ezivalako ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwesikhathi eside, njll.
Ngokuvamileko, ubujamo besevisi nofana butlhoga ukusebenza okuthembekileko kokuvala, umfutho ophakemeko, umfutho ophakemeko (umehluko omkhulu womfutho), umfutho ophasi (umehluko omncani womfutho), itjhada eliphasi, ukuvuvuka nokutjhisa, izinga lokutjhisa eliphezulu eliphakathi, izinga lokutjhisa eliphasi (i-cryogenic), kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-Wedge gate valve. Njengebubulo lamandla, ukuncibilikisa i-petroleum, ibubulo le-petrochemical, i-oli yaselwandle, ubunjiniyela bokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nobunjiniyela bokuhlanza indle ekwakhiweni kwamadorobha, ibubulo lamakhemikhali neminye imikhakha isetjenziswa khulu.
Umthetho wokukhetha:
(1) Iimfuneko zobujamo be-valve fluid. Amavalvu wesango akhethelwa ubujamo bokusebenza ngokujamelana nokugeleza okuncani, amandla wokugeleza aqinileko, ubujamo obuhle bokugeleza, kanye neemfuneko eziqinileko zokuvala.
(2) Izinga lokutjhisa eliphezulu kanye nomfutho ophakemeko. Njengomfutho ophezulu womtjhiso, amazinga womtjhiso aphezulu kanye namafutha aphezulu.
(3) Izinga lokutjhisa eliphasi (le-cryogenic) eliphakathi. Njenge-ammonia emanzini, i-hydrogen emanzini, i-oksijini emanzini nezinye iindaba.
(4) Umfutho ophasi kanye nobubanzi obukhulu. Njengemisebenzi yamanzi, imisebenzi yokuhlanza indle.
(5) Indawo yokufaka: Lokha ukuphakama kokufaka kulinganiselwe, khetha ivalvu yesango le-stem wedge efihlekileko; lokha ukuphakama kungavinjelwa, khetha ivalvu yesango le-stem wedge evulekileko.
(6) Amavalvu we-wedge gate angasetjenziswa kwaphela lokha nakasetjenziselwa ukuvula ngokuzeleko nofana ukuvala okuzeleko, begodu angeze asetjenziselwa ukulungisa nokugandelela.
3. Amaphutha avamileko nokutlhogonyelwa
01. Amaphutha avamileko nezimbangelaamavalvu wesango
Ngemva kweivalvu yesangoisetjenziswa, ngebanga lemiphumela yamazinga womtjhiso aphakathi, ukugandeleleka, ukugqwala kanye nokunyakaza okuhlobeneko kweengcenye ezihlukahlukeneko zokuthintana, imiraro elandelako ivame ukwenzeka.
(1) Ukuvuza: Kunemihlobo emibili, okungukuthi ukuvuza kwangaphandle nokuvuza kwangaphakathi. Ukuvuza ngaphandle kwevalvu kubizwa ngokuthi kuvuza kwangaphandle, begodu ukuvuza kwangaphandle kuvamise ukutholakala emabhokisini wokugcwalisa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-flange.
Iinzathu zokuvuza kwebhokisi lokugcwalisa: umhlobo nofana ikhwalithi yokugcwalisa ayihlangabezani neemfuneko; ukugcwaliswa kuyaguga nofana isiqu sevalvu siphelile; indlala yokupakisha ikhululekile; ingaphezulu lesiqu sevalvu likhuhlwe.
Iinzathu zokuvuza ekuxhumaneni kwe-flange: Into nofana ubukhulu be-gasket abuhlangabezani neemfuneko; ikhwalithi yokucubungula indawo yokuvala i-flange ayikalungi; amabhawudo wokuhlanganisa awakaqiniswa kuhle; ukuhlelwa kwepayipi akuzwakali, begodu umthwalo ongezelelweko oweqileko ukhiqizwa ekuxhumaneni.
Iinzathu zokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu: Ukuvuza okubangelwa kuvala okulula kwevalvu kuvuza kwangaphakathi, okubangelwa kulimala kwendawo yokuvala yevalvu nofana umrabhu ongasebenziko wendandatho yokuvala.
(1) Ukugqwala kuvamise ukugqwala komzimba wevalvu, ibhonethi, isiqu sevalvu, kanye nendawo yokuvala i-flange. Ukugqwala kubangelwa khulu msebenzi we-medium, kanye nokukhutjhwa kwama-ayoni avela eentweni zokugcwalisa kanye nama-gasket.
(2) Imihuzuko: ukurhaba kwendawo nofana ukuqhekeka kwendawo okwenzekako lokha isango nesihlalo sevalvu nazitjhingako ngokuya komunye nomunye ngaphasi komfutho othile wokuthintana.
02. Ukugcinwa kweivalvu yesango
(1) Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphandle kwevalvu
Lokha nawucindezela ukupakisha, amabhawudo wendlala kufanele alinganiselwe ukugwema indlala bona ingatjhinga begodu itjhiye isikhala sokuhlanganiswa. Lokha nakugandelelwa ukupakisha, isiqu sevalvu kufanele sijikelezwe ukwenza ukupakisha okuzungeze isiqu sevalvu kufane, begodu kuvinjelwe ukugandeleleka bona kungabi budisi khulu, ukwenzela bona kungathinti ukujikeleza kwesiqu sevalvu, kwandise ukuguga kokupakisha, begodu kunciphise ipilo yokusebenza. Ingaphezulu lesiqu sevalvu likhuhlwe, okwenza bona kube lula ukuvuza ngaphandle. Kufanele isetjenziswe ukuqeda imihuzuko ebusweni besiqu sevalvu ngaphambi kokusetjenziswa.
Ukuvuza ekuhlanganisweni kwe-flange, nangabe i-gasket ilimele, kufanele ifakwe esikhundleni; nangabe into ye-gasket ayikhethwe kuhle, into engahlangabezana neemfuneko zokusetjenziswa kufanele ikhethwe; nangabe ikhwalithi yokucubungula indawo yokuvala i-flange ayikalungi, kufanele isuswe bese ilungiswa. Indawo yokuvala i-flange isetjenziswa kabutjha bekube kulapho sele ifaneleka.
Ukungezelela, ukuqiniswa kuhle kwamabhawudo we-flange, ukuhlelwa okufaneleko kwamapayipi, nokubalekela umthwalo ongezelelweko omkhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwe-flange koke kusiza ukukhandela ukuvuza ekuhlanganisweni kwe-flange.
(2) Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu
Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kuqeda ukulimala kwendawo yokuvala kanye nomrabhu okhululekileko wendandatho yokuvala (lokha indandatho yokuvala nayifakwe epuletini levalvu nofana esihlalweni ngokugandelela nofana ngokutjhiya). Nangabe indawo yokuvala isetjenziswe ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu kanye nepuleti yevalvu, akunankinga yomrabhu okhululekileko nokuvuza.
Lokha indawo yokuvala ilimele khulu begodu indawo yokuvala yakhiwe yindandatho yokuvala, indandatho endala kufanele isuswe bese kunikelwa indandatho etja yokuvala; nangabe indawo yokuvala isetjenziswe ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu, indawo yokuvala elimeleko kufanele isuswe kokuthoma. Susa, bese ugaya indandatho etja yokuvala nofana indawo esetjenzisiweko ibe yindawo etja yokuvala. Lokha imihuzuko, amabhamuza, ukutjhwaba, imigodi nezinye iinqabo ebusweni bokuvala zingaphansi kwe-0.05mm, zingaqedwa ngokugaya.
Ukuvuza kwenzeka empandeni yendandatho yokuvala. Lokha indandatho yokuvala nayilungiswa ngokugandelela, faka itheyiphu ye-tetrafluoroethylene nofana ipende emhlophe eqinilekoivalvuisihlalo nofana phasi kwendandatho yendandatho yokuvala, bese ucindezela indandatho yokuvala ukuzalisa umrabhu wendandatho yokuvala; Lokha indandatho yokuvala nayifakwe iintambo, itheyiphu ye-PTFE nofana ipende emhlophe eqinileko kufanele ibekwe hlangana neentambo ukukhandela bona amanzi angavuzi hlangana neentambo.
(3) Ukulungiswa kokugqwala kwevalvu
Ngaphasi kobujamo obujayelekileko, umzimba wevalvu nebhonethi zigqwala ngokufanako, kuthi isiqu sevalvu sivame ukuba nemigodi. Lokha nawulungisako, imikhiqizo yokugqwala kufanele isuswe kokuthoma. Ngesiqu sevalvu esinemigodi, kufanele sisetjenziswe nge-lathe ukuqeda ukugandeleleka, begodu usebenzise i-filler ene-ejenti ekhupha kabuthaka, nofana uhlanze i-filler ngamanzi ahlanjululweko ukususa i-filler elimazako esiqwini se-valve. ama-ayoni abolako.
(4) Ukulungiswa kwemihuzuko ebusweni bokuvala
Ngesikhathi usebenzisa ivalvu, linga ukukhandela bona indawo yokuvala ingakhuhlwa, begodu i-torque akukafaneli ibe yikulu khulu lokha nawuvala ivalvu. Nangabe indawo yokuvala ikhuhlwe, ingasuswa ngokugaya.
4. Ukutholwaivalvu yesango
Esikhathini samanje semakethe kanye neemfuno zabasebenzisi, insimbiamavalvu wesangoakhawunti ingcenye ekulu. Njengomhloli wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ngaphezu kokwazi ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kufanele ube nokuzwisisa okuhle komkhiqizo ngokwawo.
01. Isisekelo sokutholakala kwensimbiivalvu yesango
Uku-ayinaamavalvu wesangozihlolwa ngokuya ngezinga lezwe loke i-GB/T12232-2005 “Insimbi ene-flangedamavalvu wesangoyamavalvu jikelele”.
02. Izinto zokuhlola zensimbiivalvu yesango
Ifaka hlangana: amatshwayo, ukujiya okuncani kweboda, ukuhlolwa kwegandeleleko, ukuhlolwa kwegobolondo, njll. Hlangana nazo, ukujiya kweboda, umfutho, nokuhlolwa kwegobolondo zizinto ezitlhogekako zokuhlola nezinto eziqakathekileko. Nangabe kunezinto ezingakafaneli, zingathathwa njengemikhiqizo engakafaneli.
Ngamafuphi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo yingcenye eqakatheke khulu yokuhlolwa komkhiqizo woke, begodu ukuqakatheka kwawo kuyabonakala. Njengesisebenzi sokuhlola esiphambili, kufuze sihlale siqinisa ikhwalithi yethu, ingasi ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuhloleni umkhiqizo kwaphela, kodwana nokuthi Ngokuzwisisa imikhiqizo ehloliweko kwaphela singenza umsebenzi ongcono wokuhlola.
Isikhathi sokuposa: Mar-31-2023
