Ukuhlolisisa
Ivalvungumkhiqizo oqakathekileko emitjhini jikelele. Ifakwa emaphayiphini ahlukahlukeneko nofana eensetjenzisweni ukulawula ukugeleza kwe-medium ngokutjhugulula indawo yetjhaneli ku-valve. Imisebenzi yayo ngile: ukuxhuma nofana ukuvala umphakathi, ukukhandela umphakathi bona ungabuyeli emuva, ukulungisa amapharamitha afana nokugandeleleka kwe-medium nokugeleza, ukutjhugulula indlela yokugeleza kwe-medium, ukuhlukanisa umphakathi nofana ukuvikela amapayipi nemitjhini ekugandelelekeni okukhulu, njll.
Kuneentlobo ezinengi zemikhiqizo ye-valve, ehlukaniswe yabaivalvu yesango, i-globe valve,ivalvu yokuhlola, ivalvu yebholo,ivalvu yevivane, iveli yepulagi, iveli ye-diaphragm, iveli yokuphepha, iveli yokulawula (iveli yokulawula), iveli ye-throttle, iveli yokunciphisa umfutho kanye namaTrap, njll.; Ngokuya ngezinto, ihlukaniswe yaba yi-copper alloy, i-cast iron, i-carbon steel, i-alloy steel, i-austenitic steel, i-ferritic-austenitic dual-phase steel, i-nickel-based alloy, i-titanium alloy, amaplastiki wobunjiniyela namavalvu we-ceramic, njll. kanye namapayipi, amavalvu webubulo lenyukliya, amavalvu wemikhumbi kanye namavalvu we-cryogenic. Ububanzi obubanzi bamapharamitha wevalvu, ubukhulu obuncani ukusuka ku-DN1 (iyunithi nge-mm) ukuya ku-DN9750; umfutho omncani ovela ku-ultra-vacuum ye-1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) ukuya ekugandelelekeni okuphezulu khulu kwe-PN14600 (yunithi ye-105 Pa); Izinga lokutjhisa lokusebenza lisuka emazingeni womtjhiso aphasi khulu we--269°Cukuya emazingeni womtjhiso aphezulu khulu we-1200°C.
Imikhiqizo yevalvu zisetjenziswa khulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukeneko yomnotho welizwe, njenge-oli, irhasi yemvelo, ukucwengisiswa kwe-oli negesi kanye neenhlelo zokuthutha ngamapayipi, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, iinhlelo zokukhiqiza imithi nokudla, amandla wamanzi, amandla womtjhiso kanye neenhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla wenyutliya; Imihlobo ehlukileko yamavalvu isetjenziswa khulu eenhlelweni zokufuthumeza nokuphakelwa kwamandla, eenhlelweni zokukhiqiza iinsimbi, eenhlelweni zamanzi zemikhumbi, iinkoloyi, iinqhema zeenqhema kanye nemitjhini ehlukahlukeneko yezemidlalo, kanye neenhlelo zokuthelelela nokukhipha amanzi emasimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emkhakheni wethekhnoloji etja efana nezokuvikela kanye ne-aerospace, amavalvu ahlukahlukeneko anezinto ezikhethekileko nawo asetjenziswa.
Imikhiqizo ye-valve yenza ingcenye ekulu yemikhiqizo yemitjhini. Ngokuya ngeembalo zamazwe wangaphandle athuthukileko, inani lokukhiqiza kwamavalvu libalelwa ku-5% yenani lokukhiqiza lebubulo loke lemitjhini. Ngokuya ngeembalo, isitjalo samandla wenyutliya esakhiwe ngamayunithi we-kilowatt ayizigidi ezimbili sineenvalvu ezingaba zi-28,000 ezihlanganyelweko, lapho ezingaba zi-12,000 zingamavalvu we-nuclear island. Indawo yesimanjemanje ye-petrochemical ekulu itlhoga amakhulu weenkulungwana zamavalvu ahlukahlukeneko, begodu ukutjala imali emavalvu kuvamise ukuba yi-8% ukuya ku-10% yokutjala imali epheleleko emitjhini.
Isimo esijayelekileko sebubulo levalvu e-China endala
01 Indawo lapho kwabelethwa khona ibubulo lamavalvu we-China: i-Shanghai
E-China endala, i-Shanghai bekuyindawo yokuthoma yokwenza amavalvu e-China. Ngo-1902, i-Pan Shunji Copper Workshop, ese-Wuchang Road, e-Hongkou District, e-Shanghai, yathoma ukwenza amaqoqo amancani wamapompi wetiye ngesandla. Impompi yetiye mhlobo wepipi yekhopha. Ngumkhiqizi wamavalvu wokuthoma e-China owaziwako bekube nje. Ngo-1919, i-Deda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (eyandulela i-Shanghai Transmission Machinery Factory) yathoma ngebhayisikili encani begodu yathoma ukukhiqiza ama-copper we-diameter amancani, ama-globe valve, ama-gate valve kanye nama-fire hydrant. Ukwenziwa kwamavalvu we-cast iron kwathoma ngo-1926, ngobukhulu obukhulu be-NPS6 (ngamasentimitha, i-NPS1 = DN25.4). Ngesikhathi lesi, amafemu we-hardware afana ne-Wang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao kanye ne-Maoxu nawo avuleka ukukhiqiza amavalvu. Ngemva kwalokho, ngebanga lokukhula kwesidingo samavalvu wepayipi emakethe, enye iqoqo lamafemu we-hardware, amafemu wensimbi, amafemu wokuphosa isihlabathi (wokuphosa) kanye namafemu wemitjhini avuleka ukwenza amavalvu ngokulandelana.
Isiqhema sokwenza amavalvu sakhiwa eendaweni ze-Zhonghongqiao, i-Waihongqiao, i-Daming Road kanye ne-Changzhi Road e-Hongkou District, e-Shanghai. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhrendi athengiswa khulu emakethe yangekhaya bekuyi-“Horse Head”, “Three 8′′, “Three 9′′, “Double Coin”, “Iron Anchor”, “Chicken Ball” kanye “ne-Eagle Ball”. Imikhiqizo yamavalvu wekhopha ephosiweko enegandelelo eliphasi neyensimbi ephosiweko isetjenziselwa khulu amavalvu wamapayipi ezakhiweni neensetjenzisweni zokuhlanzeka, begodu inani elincani lamavalvu wensimbi ephosiweko nawo asetjenziselwa umkhakha webubulo leentjhila ezilula. Amafemu la mancani khulu, anobuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva, imitjhini elula yeplanti kanye nokukhiqiza okuphasi kwamavalvu, kodwana yindawo yokuthoma yokubelethwa kwemboni yamavalvu we-China. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-Shanghai Construction Hardware Association, abakhiqizi bamavalvu bajoyine i-association ngokulandelana begodu baba liqembu lendlela yamanzi. ilunga.
02Iindawo ezimbili ezikulu zokwenza amavalvu
Ekuthomeni kwaka-1930, i-Shanghai Shenhe Machinery Factory yakhiqiza amavalvu we-gate iron ene-pressure ephasi ngaphasi kwe-NPS12 malungana nemisebenzi yamanzi. Ngo-1935, ifemu yasungula ibhizinisi elihlangeneko ne-Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory kanye ne-Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. abanikazi bamasheya ukwakha i-Daxin Iron Factory (eyandulela i-Shanghai Bicycle Factory), ngo-1936 Yaqedwa begodu yafakwa ekukhiqizweni, kuneensebenzi ezipheze zibe li-100, nge-jang (2612) engeniswako.≈3.33m) ama-lathes kanye nemitjhini yokuphakamisa, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza izesekeli zebubulo nezemayini, amapayipi wamanzi wensimbi kanye namavalvu wensimbi, ubukhulu bevalvu yi-NPS6 ~ NPS18, begodu ingaklama begodu inikele ngamasethi apheleleko wamavalvu wezitjalo zamanzi, begodu imikhiqizo ithunyelwa e-Nanjing, e-Hangzhoung ne-Beijing. Ngemva kokuthi abahlaseli be-Japan be-“August 13′′ bathathe i-Shanghai ngo-1937, inengi leplanti nemitjhini efemini yabhujiswa mlilo weenkhali ze-Japan. Ngomnyaka olandelako kwandisa imali begodu kwathoma ukusebenza godu. ukululama bekube sebusuku bokuthoma kwe-New China.
Ngo-1935, abanikazi bamasheya abahlanu abafakahlangana u-Li Chenghai, usomabhizinisi welizwe, ngokuhlanganyela basungula i-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory (eyandulela i-Tieling Valve Factory) e-Shishiwei Road, e-Nancheng District, e-Shenyang City. Lungisa begodu wenze amavalvu. Ngo-1939, ifemu yathuthelwa e-Beierma Road, e-Tiexi District ukobana ikhuliswe, begodu kwakhiwa ama-workshop amabili amakhulu wokuphosa nokusebenza ngemitjhini. Ngo-1945, besele ikhule yaba ziinsebenzi ezima-400, begodu imikhiqizo yayo ekulu bekuyi: amabhoyila amakhulu, amavalvu wethusi aphosiweko, kanye namavalvu wesango lensimbi ephosiweko engaphasi komhlaba anobukhulu obungaphansi kwe-DN800. Ifemu yensimbi ye-Shenyang Chengfa ngumkhiqizi wamavalvu ozabalaza ukuphila e-China endala.
03Ibubulo levalvu ngemuva
Ngesikhathi sePi ye-Anti-Japanese, amabhizinisi amanengi e-Shanghai nezinye iindawo athuthela eningizimu-ntshonalanga, yeke inani lamabhizinisi e-Chongqing nezinye iindawo ezingemuva lakhuphuka, begodu ibubulo lathoma ukuthuthuka. Ngo-1943, i-Chongqing Hongtai Machinery Factory kanye ne-Huachang Machinery Factory (womabili amafemu bekangaphambili kwe-Chongqing Valve Factory) athoma ukulungisa nokwenza iingcenye zamapayipi kanye namavalvu we-low-pressure, okwadlala indima ekulu ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwesikhathi sepi emavalvu wangemuva nokurarulula amavalvu wabantu. Ngemva kokunqoba kwePi ye-Anti-Japanese, i-Lisheng Hardware Factory, i-Zhenxing Industrial Society, i-Jinshunhe Hardware Factory kanye ne-Qiyi Hardware Factory zavulwa ngokulandelana ukukhiqiza amavalvu amancani. Ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-New China, amafemu la ahlanganiswa waba yi-Chongqing Valve Factory.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abanyeabakhiqizi bamavalvue-Shanghai godu waya e-Tianjin, Nanjing kanye ne-Wuxi ukuyokwakha amafemu wokulungisa nokwenza amavalvu. Amanye amafemu we-hardware, amafemu wamapayipi wensimbi, amafemu wemitjhini nofana amafemu wemikhumbi e-Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou kanye ne-Guangzhou nawo sele asebenzela ukulungisa nokwenza amanye amavalvu wamapayipi.
Isikhathi sokuposa: Jul-21-2022
