Ngokuqhutshwa liqhinga "lekhabhoni emibili", amabubulo amanengi enze indlela ecacileko yokulondolozwa kwamandla nokunciphisa ikhabhoni. Ukuqaphela ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni akuhlukaniswa nokusetjenziswa kwethekhnoloji ye-CCUS. Ukusetjenziswa okuthileko kwethekhnoloji ye-CCUS kufaka hlangana ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, ukusetjenziswa kwekhabhoni nokubulunga, njll. Iinsetjenziswa zethekhnoloji ezilandelanako ngokwemvelo zifaka hlangana ukufaniswa kwamavalvu. Ngokombono weemboni ezihlobeneko kanye nokusetjenziswa, ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizako Ithemba lifanele ukutjhejwa kwethuivalvuibubulo.
1.Umqondo we-CCUS kanye neketanga lebubulo
Umqondo we-A.CCUS
I-CCUS kungenzeka ingakajayeleki namkha ingakajayeleki ebantwini abanengi. Ngalokho-ke, ngaphambi kobana sizwisise umthelela we-CCUS embonini yamavalvu, asifunde nge-CCUS ndawonye. I-CCUS sifinyezo sesiNgisi (Ukubamba ikhabhoni, ukusetjenziswa nokugcinwa)
Iketanga lebubulo le-B.CCUS.
Ihlelo loke lebubulo le-CCUS libunjwa ziinhlanganisela ezihlanu: umthombo wokukhipha, ukubanjwa, ukuthuthwa, ukusetjenziswa nokugcinwa, nemikhiqizo. Iinhlanganisela ezintathu zokubamba, ukuthutha, ukusetjenziswa nokugcina zihlobene khulu nebubulo levalvu.
2. Umthelela we-CCUS kuivalvuibubulo
Ngokuqhutshwa yi-carbon neutrality, ukusetjenziswa kokubanjwa kwekhabhoni nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni emabubulweni we-petrochemical, amandla womtjhiso, insimbi, isimende, ukugadangisa namanye amabubulo aphasi kwebubulo le-valve kuzokwanda kancanikancani, begodu kuzokutjengisa ubujamo obuhlukileko. Iinzuzo zebubulo zizokukhutjhwa kancanikancani, begodu kufuze sitjheje khulu intuthuko efaneleko. Iimfuno zamavalvu emabubulweni amahlanu alandelako zizokwanda khulu.
A. Iimfuno zebubulo le-petrochemical ngizokuthoma ukuveza
Kulinganiselwa bona isidingo sokwehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-petrochemical enarheni yami ngo-2030 singaba ziingidi ezima-50 zamathani, begodu sizokwehla kancanikancani sibe ngu-0 ngo-2040. Ngombana amabubulo we-petrochemical namakhemikhali ziindawo ezikulu zokusetjenziswa kwe-carbon dioxide, begodu ukubanjwa kokusetjenziswa kwamandla aphasi, iindleko zokutjala imali kanye neendleko zokulondolozwa kwe-CUSS ithekhnoloji ibe ngeyokuthoma ukukhuthazwa emkhakheni lo. Ngomnyaka ka-2021, i-Sinopec izokuthoma ukwakha iphrojekthi yokuthoma ye-China yamathani ayizigidi ye-CCUS, iphrojekthi ye-Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS. Ngemva kokuqedwa kwephrojekthi, izokuba yindawo ekulu khulu yokutjengisa i-CCUS e-China. Idatha enikelwe yi-Sinopec itjengisa bona inani le-carbon dioxide elibanjwe yi-Sinopec ngo-2020 sele lifinyelele emathanini angaba ziingidi eziyi-1.3, lapho amathani ama-300,000 azokusetjenziselwa ukukhukhula amasimu wamafutha, okuzuze imiphumela emihle ekwenzeni ngcono ukubuyiswa kwamafutha ahlwengileko nokwehlisa ukukhutjhwa kwekhabhoni.
B. Iimfuno zebubulo lamandla womtjhiso zizokwanda
Ngokuya ngobujamo bamanje, ukufunwa kwamavalvu embonini yamandla, khulukhulu embonini yamandla womtjhiso, akusikhulu khulu, kodwana ngaphasi kwengcindezi yeqhinga "lekhabhoni emibili", umsebenzi wokuqeda ikhabhoni eendaweni zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle uya ngokuya uba budisi. Ngokuya kwesibikezelo seenkhungo ezifaneleko: isidingo segezi enarheni yami kulindeleke bona sikhuphuke sibe zi-12-15 trillion kWh ngo-2050, begodu amathani we-carbon dioxide ayi-430-1.64 wamabhiliyoni atlhoga ukwehliswa ngokusebenzisa ithekhnoloji ye-CCUS ukufikelela ukukhishwa kwe-net zero erherhweni lamandla. Nangabe isitjalo samandla esisebenzisa amalahle sifakwe nge-CCUS, singathatha ama-90% wokukhutjhwa kwekhabhoni, okwenza bona sibe yithekhnoloji yokukhiqiza amandla wekhabhoni ephasi. Isicelo se-CCUS yindlela ekulu yezobuchwepheshe yokubona ukutjhuguluka kwehlelo lamandla. Kulokhu, ukufunwa kwamavalvu okubangelwa kufakwa kwe-CCUS kuzokwanda khulu, begodu ukufunwa kwamavalvu emakethe yamandla, khulukhulu imakethe yamandla womtjhiso, kuzokutjengisa ukukhula okutjha, okufanele ukutjhejwa mabhizinisi webubulo lamavalvu.
C. Iimfuno zebubulo lensimbi nezensimbi zizokukhula
Kulinganiselwa bona isidingo sokwehlisa ukukhutjhwa kwekhaboni ngo-2030 sizokuba mathani wezigidi ezima-200 ukuya kwezigidi ezima-050 ngomnyaka. Kuqakathekile ukutjheja bona ngaphezu kokusetjenziswa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni dioxide embonini yensimbi, ingasetjenziswa ngqo ekwenzeni insimbi. Ukusebenzisa ngokuzeleko amathekhnoloji la kungehlisa ukukhutjhwa nge-5%-10%. Ukusuka kilombono, isidingo samavalvu afaneleko embonini yensimbi sizokuba namatjhuguluko amatjha, begodu isidingo sizokutjengisa ukukhula okukhulu.
D. Iimfuno zebubulo lesamente zizokukhula khulu
Kulinganiselwa bona isidingo sokwehlisa ukukhutjhwa kwekhaboni ngo-2030 sizokuba mathani ayi-100 wezigidi ukuya ku-152 wezigidi ngomnyaka, begodu isidingo sokwehlisa ukukhutjhwa ngomnyaka ka-2060 sizokuba mathani ayi-190 wezigidi ukuya ku-210 wezigidi ngomnyaka. I-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa kubola kwelitje le-limestone embonini yesamende ibalelwa ku-60% yokukhishwa okupheleleko, ngalokho i-CCUS yindlela etlhogekako yokukhipha i-carbon embonini yesamende.
E. Iimfuno zebubulo lamandla we-hydrogen zizokusetjenziswa khulu
Ukukhipha i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka ku-methane kugesi yemvelo kutlhoga ukusetjenziswa kwenani elikhulu lamavalvu, ngombana amandla athathwa ngendlela yokukhiqiza i-CO2, ukubanjwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCS) kuyatlhogeka, begodu ukudluliswa nokugcinwa kutlhoga ukusetjenziswa kwamavalvu amanengi.
3. Iimphakamiso zebubulo levalvu
I-CCUS izokuba nendawo ebanzi yokuthuthukisa. Nanyana iqalene nobudisi obuhlukahlukeneko, ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, i-CCUS izokuba nendawo ebanzi yokuthuthukisa, okuyinto engathandabuzekiko. Ibubulo levalvu kufanele ligcine ukuzwisisa okucacileko nokuzilungiselela okwaneleko kwengqondo ngalokhu. Kunconywa bona ibubulo levalvu lisebenzise amasimu ahlobene nebubulo le-CCUS
A. Zibandakanye ngokuzikhandla emaphrojekthini wokutjengisa we-CCUS. Ngephrojekthi ye-CCUS ephunyelelwa e-China, amabhizinisi webubulo lamavalvu kufanele ahlanganyele ngokuzikhandla ekuphumeleliseni iphrojekthi malungana nethekhnoloji nerhubhululo nokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, afingqe isipiliyoni ehlelweni lokubamba iqhaza ekuphunyelisweni kwephrojekthi, begodu enze amalungiselelo aneleko wokukhiqiza okukhulu okulandelako nokumadanisa amavalvu. Ithekhnoloji, ithalente kanye namarekhodi womkhiqizo.
B. Gxila ehlelweni lemboni ye-CCUS yamanje. Tjheja ibubulo lamandla wamalahle lapho ithekhnoloji yokubamba ikhabhoni ye-China isetjenziswa khona khulu, kanye nebubulo le-petroleum lapho ukugcinwa kwe-geological kugxilwe khona ukuthumela amavalvu wephrojekthi ye-CCUS, begodu kusetjenziswe amavalvu eendaweni lapho amabubulo la atholakala khona, njenge-Ordos Basin kanye ne-Junggar-Tuha Basin, okuziindawo eziqakathekileko zokukhiqiza amalahle. I-Bohai Bay Basin kanye ne-Pearl River Mouth Basin, okuziindawo eziqakathekileko ezikhiqiza i-oli negesi, zisungule ubudlelwano obuseduze namabhizinisi afaneleko ukusebenzisa ithuba.
C. Nikela ngesizo elithileko lezezimali lethekhnoloji nerhubhululo lomkhiqizo nokuthuthukiswa kwamavalvu wephrojekthi ye-CCUS. Ukuze kuthathwe phambili emkhakheni we-valve wamaphrojekthi we-CCUS esikhathini esizako, kunconywa bona amakhamphani webubulo abeke eceleni imali ethileko yokurhubhulula nokuthuthukisa, begodu anikele ngesizo lamaphrojekthi we-CCUS malungana nokurhubhulula nokuthuthukisa ithekhnoloji, ukwenzela bona kwakhiwe indawo ehle yokuhlelwa kwebubulo le-CCUS.
Ngamafuphi, embonini ye-CCUS, kunconywa bonaivalvuibubulo lizwisisa ngokuzeleko amatjhuguluko amatjha webubulo ngaphasi kweqhinga "lekhabhoni emibili" kanye namathuba amatjha wentuthuko ahambisana nalo, ukhambisana nesikhathi, begodu uzuze ituthuko etja embonini!
Isikhathi sokuposa: 26 kuMrhayili 2022
