Ukufakwa kwevalvu kuthambekele ekukhiqizeni amaphutha

1. I-stomata

Lokhu mgodi omncani owenziwe yigesi lapho ikambiso yokuqina kwensimbi ingaphumi ngaphakathi kwensimbi. Udonga lwayo lwangaphakathi lubushelelezi begodu lunegesi, ene-reflectivity ephezulu egagasini le-ultrasonic, kodwana ngombana liyi-spherical nofana i-ellipsoid, liyi-point defect, elithinta i-reflection amplitude yalo. Umgodi womoya ngaphakathi kwe-ingot uphaphathiswa ube yindawo enesici ngemva kokufoja nofana ukugoqa, okuzuzisako ukutholakala ngokutholwa kwe-ultrasound.

2. I-Clip slag

I-slag enqubweni yokuncibilikisa nofana i-refractory emzimbeni we-furnace ikhukhuleka ibe yinsimbi ewuketshezi, begodu ibandakanyeka ekufakweni nofana e-ingot yensimbi lokha nayithululwako, okwenza bona kube nokukhubazeka kwe-slag clamp. I-slag kanengi ayikho yodwa, kanengi isebujameni obuminyeneko nofana isabalale ekujuleni okuhlukileko, iyafana nokukhubazeka kwevolumu kodwana kanengi inobujamo obuthileko.

3. Ukuphosa imifantu

Ukuqhekeka ekuphoseni kubangelwa khulu kugandeleleka kokuncipha kwensimbi ukupholisa ukuqina kudlula amandla wokugcina wezinto, kuhlotjaniswa nobujamo bomklamo wokuphosa kanye nendlela yokuphosa, begodu kuhlotjaniswa nokuzwela kokuqhekeka kwezinye izinto ezingcolileko ezintweni zensimbi (ezifana nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesulfure, ukuqhekeka okuphezulu, okuqukethwe kwe-phophorus njll). Esikhonkwaneni, kuzokuba nemifantu kukristalu ye-shaft, begodu ekubunjweni kwe-billet okulandelako, kuzokuhlala ekubunjweni njengomfantu wangaphakathi wokubunjwa.

4. Phendula isikhumba

Lokhu kwenza insimbi ukusuka e-ladle ukuya e-ingot yokuphosa i-ingot, ngebanga lokuphazamiseka kokuthela, ukujama, ukuthululwa ebusweni bensimbi emanzini emoyeni ukupholisa okurhabako kwakha ifilimu ye-oxide, ukuthululwa okutjha ensimbini ewuketshezi kuzokugqekeza emzimbeni we-ingot begodu kwenze indawo (indawo) yokukhubazeka, lokho e-ingot billet forging elandelako akusikho ukukhanda.

5. I-Anisotropy

Lokha i-casting nofana i-ingot nayipholiswako begodu iqinile, ijubane lokupholisa ukusuka phezulu ukuya esikhungweni lihlukile, ngalokho kuzokwakheka amathitjhu ahlukileko wokwenza amakristalu, okutjengisa ukungafani kwezakhiwo zemishini, begodu kurholela ekutheni kube nokungafani kwezakhiwo zomsindo, okutjho bona, kunejubane lomsindo elihlukileko nokunciphisa umdumo ukusuka esikhungweni ukuya phezulu. Ukubakhona kwale-anisotropy kungaba nomthelela omumbi ebukhuluni nendawo yamaphutha ahloliweko ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwe-ultrasound.

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