Njengebhizinisi lokulawula ukusilaphazeka, umsebenzi oqakatheke khulu wendawo yokuhlanza indle kuqinisekisa bona indle ihlangabezana namazinga. Kodwana, ngezinga eliqinileko lokukhipha amanzi kanye nolaka lwabahloli bokuvikela ibhoduluko, kulethe umthwalo omkhulu wokusebenza esikhungweni sokuhlanza indle. Kwaba budisi khulu ukukhipha amanzi.
Ngokuya ngokutjheja komtloli, imbangela eqondileko yobudisi bokufikelela izinga lokukhipha amanzi kukobana kunemibuthano emithathu emimbi eentjalweni zendle enarheni yami.
Eyokuthoma mjikelezo omumbi womsebenzi ophasi wedaka (MLVSS/MLSS) kanye nokugxila okukhulu kwedaka; okwesibili mjikelezo omumbi wokuthi inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali wokususa i-phosphorus asetjenziswako, kuzokukhiqizwa udaka olunengi; okwesithathu yindawo yokuhlanza indle yesikhathi eside Ukusebenza ngokweqileko, imitjhini angeze yalungiswa, isebenza ngamalwelwe unyaka woke, okurholela ekutheni kube nomjikelezo omumbi wokwehliswa kwamandla wokuhlanza indle.
#1
Umjikelezo omumbi womsebenzi ophasi wedaka kanye nokugxila okukhulu kwedaka
UProfesa Wang Hongchen wenze irhubhululo eendaweni ezima-467 zokukhipha indle. Akhesiqale idatha yokusebenza kwedaka nokugxila kwedaka: Hlangana nama-467 wezindawo zokuhlanza indle, ama-61% wezindawo zokuhlanza indle zine-MLVSS/MLSS engaphasi kwe-0.5, ama-30% wezindawo zokuhlanza zine-MLVSS/MLSS engaphasi kwe-0.4.
Ukugxila kwedaka kwe-2/3 yeendawo zokuhlanza indle kudlula i-4000 mg/L, ukugxila kwedaka kwe-1/3 yeendawo zokuhlanza indle kudlula i-6000 mg/L, begodu ukugxila kwedaka kweendawo zokuhlanza indle ezingu-20 kudlula i-10000 mg/L.
Ngimiphi imiphumela yeemeko ezingenhla (umsebenzi omncani wedaka, ukugxila okukhulu kwedaka)? Nanyana sibone ama-atikili amanengi wezobuchwepheshe ahlaziya iqiniso, kodwana ngamagama alula, kunomphumela munye, okutjho bona, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kudlula izinga.
Lokhu kungachazwa ngeendlela ezimbili. Ngakelinye ihlangothi, ngemva kobana ukugxila kwedaka kube phezulu, ukwenzela bona kugwenywe ukugcwala kwedaka, kuyatlhogeka bona kukhuphulwe ukungena komoya. Ukwandisa inani lokufaka umoya angeze kwandisa ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kwaphela, kodwana kuzokwandisa nengcenye yezinto eziphilako. Ukwanda kwe-oksijini encibilikileko kuzokuthatha umthombo wekhabhoni otlhogekako ekukhipheni i-nitrit, okuzokuthinta ngqo umphumela wokukhipha i-nitrit nokususwa kwe-phosphorus erherhweni lezinto eziphilako, okuzokwenza bona kube ne-N ne-P enengi khulu.
Ngakelinye ihlangothi, ukugxila okukhulu kwedaka kwenza bona indawo ehlangana nodaka namanzi ikhuphuke, begodu idaka lilahleka lula ngokuphuma kwethangi lesibili, okuzokuvimba iyunithi yokuhlanza ethuthukisiweko nofana kubangele bona i-COD ne-SS ephumako idlule izinga.
Ngemva kokukhuluma ngemiphumela, asikhulume ngokuthi kubayini iintjalo ezinengi zokuthuthwa kwendle zinenkinga yokusebenza kwedaka eliphasi kanye nokugxila okukhulu kwedaka.
Kuhlekuhle, isizathu sokugxila okukhulu kwedaka kumsebenzi ophasi wedaka. Ngombana umsebenzi wedaka uphansi, ukwenzela bona kwenziwe ngcono umphumela wokwelapha, ukugxila kwedaka kufanele kukhuphulwe. Ukusebenza okuncani kwedaka kungenxa yokuthi amanzi angenako anenani elikhulu lesihlabathi se-slag, esingena eyunithini yokuhlanza izinto eziphilako bese sibuthelela kancanikancani, okuthinta ukusebenza kwezinto eziphilako ezincani.
Kune-slag enengi nesihlabathi emanzini angenako. Okhunye kukuthi umphumela wokuvimbela we-grille awuphasi khulu, begodu omunye kukuthi ngaphezu kwama-90% wezindawo zokuhlanza indle enarheni yami azange zakhe amathangi wokuhlanza indle.
Abanye abantu bangazibuza, kubayini ungakhi ithangi lokugcina inkunkuma? Lokhu kumayelana nenethiwekhi yamapayipi. Kunemiraro efana nokuthintana okungakalungi, ukuxhumana okuhlangeneko, nokulahleka kokuxhumana kunethiwekhi yamapayipi enarheni yami. Njengomphumela, ikhwalithi yamanzi enethonya leentjalo zokuthuthwa kwendle ngokuvamileko ineemfanelo ezintathu: ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-inorganic solid (ISS), i-COD ephasi, isilinganiso esiphasi se-C/N.
Ukugxila kwezinto eziqinileko ezingaphiliko emanzini angenako kuphezulu, okutjho bona, okuqukethwe kwesihlabathi kuphezulu. Ekuthomeni, ithangi lokugcina inkunkuma lingakghona ukwehlisa ezinye izinto ezingaphiliko, kodwana ngombana i-COD yamanzi angenako iphasi, iintjalo ezinengi zokuthutha indle azange zakhe ithangi lokungcola eliphambili.
Ekuhlaziyweni kokugcina, umsebenzi ophansi wedaka ulifa "leentjalo ezisindako namanetha alula".
Sitjho bona ukugxila okukhulu kwedaka nomsebenzi omncani kuzokurholela ekutheni kube ne-N ne-P enengi emanzini aphumako. Ngalesisikhathi, iindlela zokuphendula zezitjalo ezinengi zokuthutha indle kungezelela imithombo yekhabhoni nama-flocculants angaphiliko. Kodwana, ukungezelelwa kwemithombo eminengi yekhabhoni yangaphandle kuzokurholela ekukhuphukeni kokusetjenziswa kwamandla, lokha ukungezelelwa kwenani elikhulu le-floculant kuzokukhiqiza inani elikhulu ledaka lamakhemikhali, okuzokurholela ekukhuphukeni kwedaka kanye nokwehla komsebenzi wedaka, okwenza umjikelezo omumbi.
#2
Umjikelezo omumbi lapho inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali wokususa i-phosphorus asetjenziswako, ukukhiqizwa kwedaka kuyakhula.
Ukusetjenziswa kwamakhemikhali wokususa i-phosphorus kukhuphule ukukhiqizwa kwedaka ngama-20% ukuya ku-30%, nofana ngaphezulu.
Umraro wedaka sele utshwenyeka khulu eendaweni zokuhlwengisa indle iminyaka eminengi, khulukhulu ngombana ayikho indlela yokuphuma edakeni, nofana indlela yokuphuma ayizinzile. .
Lokhu kurholela ekungezeleleni ubudala bedaka, okurholela ekugugeni kwedaka, kanye nokungajayeleki okukhulu okufana nokukhula kwedaka.
Idaka elikhulisiweko line-flocculation embi. Ngokulahlekelwa yi-effluent evela ethangini lesibili lokutjhinga, iyunithi yokuhlanza ethuthukisiweko iyavaleka, umphumela wokuhlanza uyancipha, begodu inani lamanzi wokuhlanza emuva liyanda.
Ukwanda kwenani lamanzi wokuhlanza emuva kuzokurholela emiphumeleni emibili, enye kukwehlisa umphumela wokuhlanza wesigaba sangaphambilini se-biochemical.
Inani elikhulu lamanzi wokuhlanza emuva libuyiselwa ethangini lokuphefumula, okunciphisa isikhathi sokugcinwa kwamanzi esakhiweni begodu kwehlisa umphumela wokuhlanzwa kwesibili;
Okwesibili kukwehlisa umphumela wokucubungula weyunithi yokucubungula ukujula.
Ngombana inani elikhulu lamanzi wokuhlanza emuva kufuze libuyiselwe erherhweni lokuhlunga elithuthukisiweko, izinga lokuhlunga liyanyuka begodu amandla wokuhlunga ayancipha.
Umphumela woke wokwelatjhwa uba mumbi, okungabanga bona i-phosphorus ne-COD epheleleko emanzini aphumako idlule izinga. Ukugwema ukudlula izinga, isitjalo se-sewage sizokwandisa ukusetjenziswa kwe-ejenti yokususa i-phosphorus, okuzokwandisa inani ledaka.
ungene emjikelezweni omumbi.
#3
Umjikelezo omumbi wokuthwala isikhathi eside khulu kweentjalo zokuthutha indle kanye nokwehliswa kwamandla wokuhlanza indle
Ukuhlanzwa kwendle akuthembeli ebantwini kwaphela, kodwana nemitjhini.
Imitjhini yokuhlanza amanzi sele ilwa phambili ekuhlanzeni amanzi isikhathi eside. Nayikuthi ayilungiswa qobe, imiraro izokuvela msinyana. Kodwana, esikhathini esinengi, imitjhini yokuthutha indle angeze yalungiswa, ngombana lokha imitjhini ethileko nayijamako, amanzi aphumako kungenzeka adlule amazinga. Ngaphasi kohlelo lokuhlawuliswa qobe langa, woke umuntu angeze akghone ukuyibhadela.
Hlangana neendawo zokuhlanza indle ezima-467 ezihlolwe nguProfesa Wang Hongchen, pheze ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zinezinga lomthwalo wamanzi angaphezu kwama-80%, pheze ingcenye eyodwa kwezintathu engaphezu kwe-120%, begodu iindawo ezihlanu zokuhlanza indle zingaphezu kwe-150%.
Lokha izinga lomthwalo wamanzi lingaphezu kwama-80%, ngaphandle kweendawo ezimbalwa ezikulu khulu zokuhlanza indle, iindawo zokuhlanza indle angeze zakwazi ukuvala amanzi malungana nokutlhogonyelwa ngebanga lokuthi amanzi aphumako afinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu, begodu akunamanzi asekela ama-aerator kanye namathangi wesibili wokudonsa kanye nama-scraper. Imitjhini engaphasi ingalungiswa ngokupheleleko nofana ithathelwe indawo lokha nasele iphelile.
Lokho kutjho bona, pheze i-2/3 yezitjalo zokuthutha indle angeze zakwazi ukulungisa imitjhini ngokuqinisekisa bona ukuthuthwa kwendle kuhlangabezana namazinga.
Ngokuya ngophenyo lukaPhrofesa Wang Hongchen, isikhathi sokuphila kwama-aerator sivamise ukuba yiminyaka emi-4-6, kodwana i-1/4 yezitjalo zokuthutha indle azange zenze ukulungiswa kokukhipha umoya ema-aerators iminyaka engaba yi-6. Isikhuhla sodaka, esitlhoga ukuthululwa begodu silungiswe, asilungiswa umnyaka woke.
Imitjhini sele isebenza ngokugula isikhathi eside, begodu amandla wokuhlanza amanzi aya ngokuba mambi. Ukujamelana nomfutho wendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi, ayikho indlela yokuyimisa ukuze ilungiswe. Ebujameni obumbi kangaka, kuzakuhlala kunendlela yokuhlanza indle ezokubhidlika.
#4
tlola ekugcineni
Ngemva kobana ukuvikelwa kwebhoduluko kusungulwe njengomthethomgomo omkhulu welizwe lami, imikhakha yamanzi, irhasi, okuqinileko, ihlabathi nokunye ukulawula ukusilaphazeka kwathuthuka msinyana, hlangana nayo umkhakha wokuhlanza indle kungathiwa mdosiphambili. Izinga elingakafaneli, ukusebenza kwesitjalo sokuthuthwa kwendle kuwele ebujameni obubudisi, begodu umraro wenethiwekhi yamapayipi nedaka sele kube ziinqabo ezimbili ezikulu zebubulo lokuhlanza indle lenarha yami.
Nje-ke, sikhathi sokuthi silungise ukutlhayela.
Isikhathi sokuposa: mhlana ama-23 kuMhlolanja 2022
