Khuyini ivalvu yevivane?

Iivalvu yevivaneyasungulwa e-United States ngeminyaka yabo-1930. Yethulwa e-Japan ngeminyaka yabo-1950 begodu azange isetjenziswe khulu e-Japan bekwaba ngeminyaka yabo-1960. Bekungakathandwa enarheni yangekhethu bekwaba ngeminyaka yabo-1970. Iimpawu eziqakathekileko zamavalvu we-butterfly ngilezi: i-torque encani yokusebenza, isikhala esincani sokufaka kanye nesisindo esilula. Ukuthatha i-DN1000 njengesibonelo, iivalvu yevivaneingaba yi-2T, kuthiivalvu yesangoingaba ngu-3.5T. Iivalvu yevivanekulula ukuyihlanganisa namadivayisi ahlukahlukeneko begodu inokuqina okuhle nokuthembeka. Ububi bamavalvu we-butterfly avalwe ngerabha kukobana lokha nasetjenziselwa ukugandelela, ukuvuvuka kuzokwenzeka ngebanga lokusetjenziswa okungakalungi, okwenza bona isihlalo serabha siphume begodu silimale. Ngalokho-ke, indlela yokuyikhetha kuhle iya ngobujamo bokusebenza. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvulwa kwevalvu ye-butterfly kanye nezinga lokugeleza liqondile. Nangabe isetjenziselwa ukulawula izinga lokugeleza, ubujamo bayo bokugeleza buhlobene khulu nokujamelana nokugeleza kwamapayipi. Ukwenza isibonelo, nangabe izinga levalvu nefomu lamapayipi amabili liyafana, kodwana izinga lokulahlekelwa liphayiphi lihlukile, izinga lokugeleza kwevalvu nalo lizokuhluka khulu. Nangabe ivalvu isebujameni bokugandeleleka okukhulu, ukuvuvuka kungenzeka ngemva kwepuleti yevalvu, okungalimaza ivalvu. Ivamise ukusetjenziswa ngaphandle kwe-15°. Lokhaivalvu yevivaneisekuvulekeni okuphakathi, ijamo lokuvuleka elakhiwe mzimba wevalvu begodu umphetho wangaphambili wepuleti yevithamini uphakathi kweshafthi yevalvu, begodu ubujamo obuhlukileko bubunjwa emahlangothini womabili. Umphetho wangaphambili wepuleti yevithamini ngakelinye ihlangothi ukhamba ngendlela amanzi ageleza ngayo, kuthi elinye ihlangothi likhambe ngendlela amanzi ageleza ngayo. Ngalokho-ke, umzimba wevalvu kanye nepuleti yevalvu ngakelinye ihlangothi yakha ukuvuleka okubunjwe njenge-nozzle, kuthi elinye ihlangothi lifana nokuvuleka okufana nomgodi we-throttle. Ihlangothi le-nozzle linezinga lokugeleza elirhabako ukudlula ihlangothi le-throttle, begodu umfutho omumbi uzokukhiqizwa ngaphasi kwevalvu ehlangothini le-throttle, begodu isivalo serabha sizokuvame ukuwa. I-torque yokusebenza ye-ivalvu yevivaneihluka ngebanga lokuvuleka okuhlukileko kanye nendlela yokuvula nokuvala kwevalvu. I-torque ekhiqizwa mehluko phakathi kweenhloko zamanzi eziphezulu nezingaphasi ze-valve ye-butterfly evundlileko, khulukhulu i-valve enobubanzi obukhulu, ngebanga lokujula kwamanzi, angeze yanganakwa. Ukungezelela, lokha i-elbow nayifakwa ngehlangothini lokungena kwevalvu, ukugeleza okutjhigamileko kuyabunjwa, begodu i-torque izokwanda. Lokha ivalvu nayiphakathi, indlela yokusebenza idinga ukuzikhiya ngebanga lokusebenza kwe-torque yokugeleza kwamanzi.

I-China inamaketango amanengi webubulo lamavalvu, kodwana akusiwo amandla wamavalvu. Ngokuvamileko, inarha yami ingene emazingeni wamandla wamavalvu ephasini, kodwana malungana nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, inarha yami isekude nokuba namandla wamavalvu. Ibubulo lisenomkhakha omncani wokukhiqiza, amakghono aphasi we-R&D wamavalvu ahambelana nemikhiqizo ephezulu, kanye nezinga eliphasi lethekhnoloji yokukhiqiza embonini yamavalvu, begodu ukutlhayela kokurhwebelana kokungeniswa nokuthumela ngaphandle kuragela phambili nokwanda. Azikho iinkhampani ezinengi zamavalvu ezingakghona ukuphila emakethe. Kodwana, ukuthuthumela okukhulu embonini yamavalvu kuzokuletha amathuba amakhulu, begodu umphumela wokuthuthumela uzokwenza ukusebenza kwemakethe kube kuhle. Indlela eya eendaweni zamavalvu wezinga eliphezulu "ineenqhema" khulu. Iingcenye ezisisekelo sele zibe mraro ovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwebubulo lokukhiqiza lenarha yami ukuya ezingeni eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi seHlelo leminyaka emihlanu le-12, urhulumende uzakuragela phambili nokwandisa ukusetjenziswa kweengcenye zemitjhini ephezulu. Lapha sikhetha iintuthuko ezimbalwa eziqakathekileko "ehlelweni lokuphumelelisa" kanye namabubulo wamavalvu ajamele ukuhlaziywa kokukghonakala kokubuyiselwa kwezinto ezibuya ngaphandle. Ukusuka ekuhlaziyweni, kungabonakala bona ukusebenza kokubuyiselwa kwamavalvu okungeniswa ngaphandle emabubulweni ahlukahlukeneko kuyahluka khulu, begodu amavalvu wezinga eliphezulu atlhoga msinyana isiqondiso esinengi somthethokambiso nokusekelwa kwerhubhululo lezesayensi.

Ibubulo le-valve lidlala indima eqakathekileko njengesixhumanisi esiqakathekileko embonini yokukhiqiza imitjhini ekuthuthukisweni komnotho welizwe. Njengombana izinga lebubulo lokukhiqiza amavalvu welizwe lami lisekude khulu nezinga eliphezulu leentjhabatjhaba, abanengi abaqakathekilekoamavalvungamapharamitha aphezulu, amazinga womtjhiso aphezulu kanye nomfutho ophakemeko, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lamaphawundi bekusolo kuthembele ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ukwenza isibonelo, umhlobo we-OMAL we-Europe bewusolo ukhethwa khulu embonini yokusetjenziswa kwevalvu yangekhaya. Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukubekwa kwamavalvu endaweni, ngemva kokuthi umKhandlu woMbuso ukhiphe “Imibono Eminingana Yokuvuselela Ukuvuselelwa Kwemboni Yokukhiqiza Imitjhini”, iminyango yombuso efaneleko yenze uchungechunge lokuthunyelwa okukhulu ngokuya ngeemfuneko zombuso zokubekwa kwemitjhini emikhulu. Ngokuholwa yiKhomitjhini yeNtuthuko neTjhuguluko yeNarha, i-China Machinery Industry Federation kanye ne-China General Machinery Industry Association bathumele begodu bakhaivalvuihlelo lokutjhugulula imitjhini emikhulu emikhakheni ehlobene, begodu sele sihlanganise neminyango efaneleko kanengi. Nje ukubekwa kwamavalvu endaweni sele kwakha isivumelwano embonini yamavalvu yangekhaya. Yamukela amazinga weentjhabatjhaba wokuklama umkhiqizo; ukuthatha izakhiwo zokuklama ezihle khulu zangaphandle (okufaka hlangana ithekhnoloji enelungelo lobunikazi); ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwenziwa ngokuqinileko ngokuya ngamazinga weentjhabatjhaba; ukuthatha amava wendlela yokukhiqiza yangaphandle begodu uqakathekise irhubhululo nokukhuthazwa kwezinto ezitjha; ukucacisa amapharamitha wezobuchwepheshe kanye nobujamo bokusebenza bemikhiqizo yevalvu enepharamitha ephezulu, njll. ziindlela zokurhabisa ikambiso yokubeka indawo, ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa okuragela phambili kwemikhiqizo yevalvu, nokufezekisa ngokuzeleko ukutholakala kwamavalvu. Ngokukhawuleza kwejubane lokuhlela kabutjha embonini yamavalvu, imboni yesikhathi esizako izokuba mncintiswano hlangana nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wevalvu nokuphepha kanye namabhrendi womkhiqizo. Imikhiqizo izakuthuthuka ngendlela yethekhnoloji ephezulu, amapharamitha aphezulu, ukujamelana nokugqwala okuqinileko, nepilo ede. Ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwethekhnoloji okuragela phambili, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emitjha, nokutjhuguluka kwethekhnoloji lapho izinga lethekhnoloji yomkhiqizo lingathuthukiswa khona kancanikancani ukuhlangabezana nokufaniswa kwedivayisi yangekhaya begodu lifeze ngokuzeleko ukubekwa kwendawo yamavalvu. Ngaphasi kwesimo esikhulu sokufunwa, ibubulo lokukhiqiza amavalvu welizwe lami lizokutjengisa amathuba angcono wokuthuthuka.