Abantu bavame ukucabanga bonaivalvuyensimbi engagqwali begodu angeze yagqwala. Nayikuthi kunjalo, kungaba mraro wensimbi. Lokhu kucabanga okungakalungi ngokungazwisisi insimbi engagqwali, nayo engagqwala ngaphasi kwemibandela ethileko.
Insimbi engagqwali inekghono lokujamelana nokutjhiswa kwe-oksijini emkhathini—okutjho bona, ukujamelana nokugqwala, begodu kunekghono lokugqwala eenkundleni ezine-esidi, ama-alkali, kanye netswayi—okutjho bona, ukujamelana nokugqwala. Kodwana, ubukhulu bamandla wayo wokulwisana nokugqwala butjhuguluka ngokubunjwa kwamakhemikhali wensimbi yayo, ubujamo bokuvikeleka, ubujamo bokusetjenziswa kanye nomhlobo weendaba zebhoduluko.
Insimbi engagqwali ivamise ukuhlukaniswa yaba:
Ngokuvamileko, ngokuya ngesakhiwo se-metallographic, i-stainless steel ejayelekileko ihlukaniswe yaba ziinkoro ezintathu: i-austenitic stainless steel, i-ferritic stainless steel, kanye ne-martensitic stainless steel. Ngesisekelo sezakhiwo ezintathu ezisisekelo ze-metallographic, ngeentlhogo ezithileko neenhloso, iinsimbi ezineengaba ezimbili, iinsimbi ezingagqwali eziqinisa izulu kanye neensimbi ezine-alloy ephezulu ezine-iron engaphasi kwama-50% zitholwa.
1. Insimbi engatjhiko ye-austenitic.
I-matrix ibuswa yisakhiwo se-austenite (isigaba se-CY) sesakhiwo se-cubic crystal esisekelwe ebusweni, esingekho ngamagnethi, begodu siqiniswa khulu ngokusebenza emakhazeni (begodu kungadosela ekutheni kube nezinto ezithile zamagnethi) zensimbi engagqwali. I-American Iron and Steel Institute ikhethwe ngeenomboro ezise-200 kanye ne-300, ezifana no-304.
2. Insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic.
I-matrix yi- ibuswa sisakhiwo se-ferrite ((isigaba) sesakhiwo se-cubic crystal esiphakathi komzimba, esinamagnethi begodu ngokuvamileko angeze saqiniswa ngokutjhisa, kodwana singaqiniswa kancani ngokusebenza emakhazeni. I-American Iron and Steel Institute itshwaywe ngo-430 no-446.
3. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic.
I-matrix yisakhiwo esine-martensitic (i-cubic ephakathi komzimba nofana i-cubic), esinamagnethi, begodu ubujamo bayo bomtjhini bungalungiswa ngokutjhisa. I-American Iron and Steel Institute ibizwa ngeenomboro ezingu-410, 420 kanye ne-440. I-Martensite inesakhiwo se-austenite emazingeni womtjhiso aphezulu, begodu lokha nayipholiswa ukuya emazingeni womtjhiso wegumbi ngezinga elifaneleko, isakhiwo se-austenite singatjhugululwa sibe yi-martensite (okutjho, sibe budisi).
4. Insimbi engatjhiko ye-austenitic-ferritic (duplex).
I-matrix inesakhiwo se-austenite ne-ferrite esineengaba ezimbili, begodu okuqukethwe kwe-matrix ene-phase encani kuvamise ukudlula i-15%. Inamazibuthe begodu ingaqiniswa ngokusebenza emakhazeni. 329 yinsimbi ejayelekileko ye-duplex. Nayiqathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi enezigaba ezimbili inamandla amakhulu, begodu ukujamelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kanye nokugqwala kwe-chloride kanye nokugqwala kwemigodi kwenziwa ngcono khulu.
5. Insimbi engagqwali eqinisa ngezulu.
I-matrix yisakhiwo se-austenite nofana se-martensitic begodu ingenziwa ibe budisi ngokuqina kwezulu. I-American Iron and Steel Institute itshwaywe ngenomboro ye-600, njenge-630, okuyi-17-4PH.
Ngokuvamileko, ngaphezu kwama-alloy, ukujamelana nokugqwala kwe-austenitic stainless steel kuhle khulu. Endaweni engagqwali kangako, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic ingasetjenziswa. Endaweni evutha kancani, nangabe izinto zitlhogeka bona zibe namandla aphezulu nofana ubudisi obuphezulu, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nensimbi engagqwali yokuqinisa ngezulu ingasetjenziswa.
Amagreyidi wensimbi engagqwali ejwayelekileko kanye nezakhiwo
01 304 Insimbi engagqwali
Ngenye yeensimbi ezisetjenziswa khulu begodu ezisetjenziswa khulu ze-austenitic stainless steels. Ilungele ukwakhiwa kweengcenye ezitjhingako kanye namapayipi we-asidi, iintjalo, iingcenye zesakhiwo, imizimba yamathulusi ahlukahlukeneko, njll. Ingasetjenziselwa nokwenza iinsetjenziswa ezingekho kazibuthe, ezinezinga lokutjhisa eliphasi.
02 304L Insimbi engagqwali
Ukurarulula umraro we-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel eyakhiwe ngebanga lokutjhinga kwe-Cr23C6 okubanga ukugqwala okukhulu kwe-304 stainless steel ngaphasi kweminye imibandela, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kungcono khulu kune-304 stainless steel. Ngaphandle kwamandla aphasi kancani, ezinye izakhiwo zifana nensimbi engagqwali ye-321. Isetjenziselwa khulu imitjhini ejamelana nokugqwala kanye neengcenye ezingeze zafakwa ngaphasi kwesisombululo ngemva kokuwelda, begodu ingasetjenziselwa ukwenza imizimba yamathulusi ahlukahlukeneko.
03 304H Insimbi engagqwali
Igatja langaphakathi le-304 stainless steel line-carbon mass fraction ye-0.04%-0.10%, begodu ukusebenza kwalo emazingeni womtjhiso aphezulu kungcono kunaleyo ye-304 stainless steel.
04 316 Insimbi engagqwali
Ukungezelela i-molybdenum ngesisekelo sensimbi ye-10Cr18Ni12 kwenza bona insimbi ibe nokujamelana okuhle ekwehliseni ukugqwala okuphakathi nendawo. Emanzini welwandle nezinye iindaba ezihlukahlukeneko, ukujamelana nokugqwala kungcono kune-304 insimbi engagqwali, esetjenziselwa khulu izinto ezijamelana nokugqwala.
05 316L Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi enekhabhoni encani khulu inokujamelana kuhle nokugqwala okuzwakalako begodu ilungele ukwakhiwa kweengcenye ezihlanganisiweko nemitjhini eneengcenye eziqinileko, njengezinto ezijamelana nokugqwala eensetjenzisweni ze-petrochemical.
06 316H Insimbi engagqwali
Igatja langaphakathi le-316 stainless steel line-carbon mass fraction ye-0.04%-0.10%, begodu ukusebenza kwalo emazingeni womtjhiso aphezulu kungcono kunaleyo ye-316 stainless steel.
07 317 Insimbi engagqwali
Ukujamelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting nokujamelana nokunyonyoba kungcono kune-316L stainless steel, esetjenziselwa ukwenza iinsetjenziswa ezijamelana nokugqwala kwe-petrochemical kanye ne-organic acid.
08 321 Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ye-titanium-stabilized austenitic, engeza i-titanium ukwenza ngcono ukujamelana nokugqwala kwama-intergranular, begodu inezinto ezihle zokutjhisa okuphezulu, ingathathelwa indawo yi-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel. Ngaphandle kwezehlakalo ezikhethekileko ezifana namazinga womtjhiso aphezulu nofana ukujamelana nokugqwala kwe-hydrogen, ngokuvamileko akukhuthazwa bona isetjenziswe.
09 347 Insimbi engagqwali
I-niobium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, engeza i-niobium ukwenza ngcono ukujamelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular corrosion, ukujamelana nokugqwala ku-esidi, i-alkali, itswayi nezinye iindlela zokugqwala kuyafana ne-321 stainless steel, ukusebenza okuhle kokuwelda, kungasetjenziswa njengento engagqwali ne-anti-corrosion Insimbi etjhisako isetjenziswa khulu emasimini we-tromical, njengokwenza iintjalo, amapayipi, iinsetjenziswa zokutjhisa, amatjhafu, amashubhu we-furnace ema-furnace webubulo, kanye namathemomitha we-furnace tube.
10 904L Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic epheleleko mhlobo wensimbi engagqwali ye-super austenitic eyasungulwa yi-OUTOKUMPU e-Finland. , Inokujamelana kuhle nokugqwala kuma-esidi angakhiqiziko afana ne-sulfuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-formic acid kanye ne-phosphoric acid, begodu inokujamelana kuhle nokugqwala kwe-crevice nokujamelana nokugqwala kwe-stress. Ilungele amazinga ahlukahlukeneko we-sulfuric acid engaphasi kwama-70°C, begodu inokujamelana nokugqwala okuhle ku-acetic acid kanye ne-asidi ehlanganisiweko ye-formic acid ne-acetic acid kinanyana ngiliphi izinga lokutjhisa ngaphasi komfutho ovamileko.
11 440C insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic inokuqina okukhulu hlangana nensimbi engagqwali eqinileko kanye nensimbi engagqwali, ngokuqina kwe-HRC57. Isetjenziselwa ukwenza ama-nozzle, amabheringi,iviyaviyaniivalvu iinhloko,iviyaviyaniivalvu iindawo zokuhlala, imikhono,ivalvu iinqubu, njll.
12 17-4PH insimbi engagqwali
I-Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel enokuqina kwe-HRC44 inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina nokujamelana nokugqwala begodu angeze yasetjenziswa emazingeni womtjhiso angaphezu kwama-300°C. Inokujamelana kuhle nokugqwala emmoyeni kanye ne-esidi ehlanjululweko nofana itswayi. Ukujamelana kwayo nokugqwala kuyafana nekwe-304 yensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-430 yensimbi engagqwali. Isetjenziselwa ukwenza amaplatifomu we-offshore, ama-turbine blade,iviyaviyaniivalvu (iinhloko zamavalvu, iinhlalo zamavalvu, imikhono, iinqubu zamavalvu) wait.
In ivalvu ukuklanywa nokukhetha, amahlelo ahlukahlukeneko, uchungechunge, kanye namagreyidi wensimbi engagqwali kuvame ukuhlangabezana nakho. Lokha nakukhethwako, umraro kufanele uqalwe ngeendlela ezinengi ezifana nendlela ethileko yokusebenza, amazinga womtjhiso, umfutho, iingcenye ezigandelelekileko, ukugqwala, kanye neendleko.
Isikhathi sokuposa: Jul-20-2022
